Thanking Expression Used By The Characters In The Luca Movie (A Pragmatic Analysis)

This study seeks to explain the type of thank-you expression categories and establish the strategy of thank-you expression employed by the character in the movie Luca. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative. This study used English utterances with thanking expressions as data. The data was documented. Types of thanking expressions were evaluated using Hymes (1972), and strategies of thanking expression were analyzed using Aijmer (1996). In this research, eight types of thank-you expressions were found. The study indicated that 33% of participants acknowledged a major favor, 17% acknowledged a favor, and 11% dismissed a service, ended the conversation, and used irony, sarcasm, or bluntness. 6% of data reveals thanking someone, making them feel good, and negative requests. Moreover, there are four strategies for saying thank you expressions. The data revealed 67% of the data shows thanking somebody explicitly, 17% stressing one's gratitude, 11% showing appreciation of the act, and 6% showing emotion.


Introduction
An utterance is an action in the environment of a speech situation, which is known as a speech act in pragmatics.As part of pragmatics, speech is a type of action.The act of distinguishing utterances and movements as genuine actions is known as the speech act.The term speech act describes the behaviour associated with uttering a particular message (such as a warning, threat, promise, or request).Conversely, the term speech act refers to the fundamental building blocks of communication: warn, welcome, apply for, tell what, and confirm arrangements (Griffiths, 2006).Speak acts, according to Austin (1962), are actions that are carried out through the use of words in order to affect a certain object.The single most important benefit of studying speech acts is that it makes it easier to understand the information that has been uncovered in each and every utterance.Speech acts are also influenced by the speaker's capacity to communicate effectively.
Thanking or expressing gratitude is one of the most frequent speech acts employed in everyday conversation, as these words emerge more frequently and serve an essential role in fostering a sense of community.Tran et al. (2016) defined gratitude as the emotion or impulse to show thankfulness.Expressions of gratitude are expressive speaking acts.Shinta (2014) said this function creates good feelings and unity in interaction, which may be maintained or enhanced through social cohesion and social bonding.Thank you, expressions, come in all shapes and sizes, especially in social settings.Thanking someone who helped you can show how grateful you are for what the person did.
Gratitude is a natural part of our daily lives, even if we aren't aware of it.The film depicted the everyday lives of mankind.Communication in this medium is diverse and intriguing.Aijmer (1996) argues that expressing appreciation has social functions that might strengthen the relationship between the speaker and the person they are expressing gratitude to.Gratitude can be expressed in a variety of ways, depending on the context and the speaker's personal circumstances.
In this research, the researcher is interested in investigating the thank-you expressions used in the Luca movie.The researcher is interested in using a film as a data source since they noticed a phenomenon related to gratitude expressions, which occurs frequently in real life.Luca ( 2021) is a movie about two 13-year-old boys named Luca and Alberto who become close friend in Italy.It was directed by Enrico Casarosa and produced by Pixar Animation Studios.The researcher chose the film because she is interested in discovering how the characters in Luca's film express gratitude.The study of the subject was carried out by researchers employing Hymes ' (1972) theory and Aijmer's (1996) theory.Hymes (1972) said that in his theory about speaking, the act sequence category refers to the way people talk and what they say.He divided the types of thanking into ten types, which are: (1) Acknowledging a major favor: The speaker appreciates the hearer's big favor, such as a present, generosity, service, or other kindness.(2) Acknowledging a favor: Brings attention to routine occurrences and daily activities.(3) Assuring a person of one's gratitude: Guarantee someone in preparation of one's thankfulness for a service, offering, or promise, even if the reality of the intended meaning cannot be presumed.(4) Dismissing a person's service: Used to dismiss someone whose services were no longer required.(5) Closing the conversation: Farewell the conversation.( 6) Accepting an offer: An offer can take the shape of an effort, a presentation, or anything else.(7) Making the hearer feel good (phatic function): Makes the hearer feel better.(8) Irony, sarcasm, brusqueness, (9) Accepting a proposal that the conversation should end, and (10) Negative request: A request not to do so.
Moreover, Aijmer (1996) on theory about thanking, stated that there are eight strategies of thanking, namely (1) Thanking somebody explicitly: Give emphasizes to simple thanking or using English word thank you. (2) Expressing gratitude: The most straightforward strategies.(3) Expressing appreciation of the act: Give attention to the person who has done you a favor, make him or her feel thankful, and tell you how much you appreciate the act.(4) Expressing appreciation of the addressee: Grateful people show their appreciation by either returning the favor or publicly expressing their thanks.(5) Acknowledging a debt of gratitude: A favor done results in an automatic debt on the part of the recipient.( 6) Stressing one's gratitude: Emphasize the speaker's desire to convey his appreciation.(7) Expressing emotion: Give emphasizes to literally an expression of surprise, and (8) Commenting on one's own role by expressing one's own importance.
Multiple earlier studies that are associated with this topic were previously undertaken.The first study was carried out by Faqe et al. (2019) from Soran University.The second was conducted by Ali Sabah Jameel Al-Khayyat & Tagreed Fayadh Abdul Razaaq (2020) from University of Anbar-College of Arts.The third was conducted by Eripuddin et al., (2022) from Padang State University.The fourth was conducted by Beloufa (2022) from Djilali Liabes University.The fifth was conducted by Ricca & Ambalegin (2022) from Putera Batam University.The sixth was conducted by Hilal & Kadhim (2023) from University of Babylon.Thus, the research is difference with previous studies.The differences between this research and previous studies are the subject and the data source.The present study is concerned with examining the types of thanking and strategies employed by characters in the film Luca (2021) while expressing gratitude, building upon prior studies in this area.The researcher conducted research titled "Thanking Expression Used by The Characters in the Luca Movie (A Pragmatic Analysis)."

Method
In this research, qualitative descriptive research was applied.Qualitative research is a strategy for gathering descriptive information of the topic under study (VanderStoep & Johnston, 2009).This research concentrates on thanking expressions based on the characters' dialogue, including various kinds and strategies of thanking expressions employed by the characters in the film Luca.In the meantime, the Luca movie and the film's script are used as sources of data.
The technique for collecting data was documentation.Most written documents, both public and private, can be categorized, researched, interpreted, and identified using documentation techniques (Payne, 2004).The steps were as follows: Firstly, the researcher watching the Luca (2021) movie numerous times.Secondly, the researcher analyzing the dialogue and speech in that movie and matching the dialogue and speech used by the characters with the scripts of this movie on the internet.Thirdly, the researcher is transcribing the dialogues which contain of thanking expressions.Last but not least, the researcher identifying each data of thanking expressions based on the types and the strategies of thanking in the character of Luca (2021) movie.Afterwards, the data were coded.The researcher begins by writing the data number.Second, the researcher analyses the names of the Luca movie's characters.After then, the researcher notes the actual running times of the scripts.At last, the researcher writes the film's abbreviated title.For example, D1/LU-A/1:25:25/L.
In analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptive qualitative analysis.First, the researcher analyzing the types of thanking expressions using Hymes' (1972) Speaking theory.Then, the strategy of thanking expressions will use Aijmer's (1996) Thanking theory, which is used by the characters in the Luca (2021) movie.Last but not least, the researcher draws conclusions based on the discussion.

Results
According to the study's findings, the characters in Luca's movie delivered 8 types of thanking and 4 strategies of thanking expression.The following is a description of each component:

Types Of Thanking Expression
The present study examines the types of thanking expression with Hymes' (1972) Speaking theory as the theoretical framework.It exists in 10 distinct forms.In this study, the researcher identified only eight distinct thank-you expressions in the Luca movie.The table below displays the various types of expressions used to convey gratitude.

Strategies Of Thanking Expression
The researcher employed Aijmer's (1996) theory on thanking techniques to guide the study.The realization of this phenomenon is achieved by the implementation of eight distinct strategies.In this study, the researcher only discovered four different thank-you strategies employed in the Luca film.The table below displays the various types of expressions used to convey gratitude.According to the table above, there were 18 data that utilized gratitude strategies.Expressing gratitude to someone directly accounted for the biggest percentage of 18 data (67%).Comparatively, the methods for expressing emotions had the lowest percentage (6% of 18 data).The percentage is determined by dividing the frequency by the entire data and then turning it into a percentage.The table below are the results of researcher's findings about types and strategies of thanking expression:

Acknowledging a major favor
The thanks uttered by Alberto to Luca was acknowledging a major favor.Hymes (1972) said that acknowledging a major favor puts the spotlight on a big favor, such as a a present, generosity, service, or other kindness.In this movie, Alberto showed the type of acknowledging a major favor.

Expressing emotion
Thanking uttered by Alberto to Luca was expressing emotion.Aijmer (1996) stated that expressing emotion give emphasizes to litereally an expression of surprise, in this movie, Alberto showed the strategies of expressing emotion.
D13/LU-G/39:02/L Luca: "Could I maybe-borrow this?Just for tonight".Giulia: "You can have it.The universe is literally yours!!" Luca: "Wow.Thank you!!" Acknowledging a major favor Thanking uttered by Luca to Giulia was acknowledging a major favor.Hymes (1972) said that acknowledging a major favor puts the spotlight on a big favor, such as a present, generosity, service, or other kindness.In this movie, Luca showed the type of acknowledging a major favor.

Thanking somebody explicitly
Thanking uttered by Luca to Giulia was thanking somebody explicitly.Aijmer (1996) stated that thanking somebody explicitly give emphasizes to simple thanking or using English word thank you or thanks, in this movie, Luca showed the strategies of thanking somebody explicitly.

Acknowledging a major favor
Thanking uttered by Giulia to Luca was acknowledging a major favor.Hymes (1972) said that acknowledging a major favor puts the spotlight on a big favor, such as a present, generosity, service, or other kindness.In this movie, Giulia showed the type of acknowledging a major favor.

Thanking somebody explicitly
Thanking uttered by Giulia to Luca was thanking somebody explicitly.Aijmer (1996) stated that thanking somebody explicitly give emphasizes to simple thanking or using English word thank you or thanks, in this movie, Alberto showed the strategies of thanking somebody explicitly.D16/LU-G/22:41/L Luca: "Thank you!" Giulia: "Don't thank me."

Expressing appreciation of the act
Thanking uttered by Luca to Giulia was acknowledging a major favor.Hymes (1972) said that acknowledging a major favor puts the spotlight on a big favor, such as a present, generosity, service, or other kindness.In this movie, Luca showed the type of acknowledging a major favor.
to Giulia was expressing appreciation of the act.Aijmer (1996)

Acknowledging a favor
Thanking uttered by Alberto to Giulia was acknowledging a favor.Hymes (1972) stated that acknowledging a favour brings attention to routine occurrences and daily activities, in this movie, Alberto showed the types of acknowledging a favor.

Thanking somebody explicitly
Thanking uttered by Alberto to Giulia was thanking somebody explicitly.Aijmer (1996) stated that thanking somebody explicitly give emphasizes to simple thanking or using English word thank you or thanks, in this movie, Alberto showed the strategies of thanking somebody explicitly.D9/A-LU/1:13:29/L Alberto: "You came up here!"Luca: "Thanks to you.Otherwise, I never would have seen any of this."

Acknowledging a favor
Thanking uttered by Luca to Alberto was acknowledging a favor.Hymes (1972) stated that acknowledging a favor brings attention to routine occurrences and daily activities, in this movie, Luca showed the types of acknowledging a favor.

Expressing appreciation of the act
Thanking uttered by Luca to Alberto was expressing appreciation of the act.Aijmer (1996) stated that strategies of expressing appreciation of the act give attention to the person who has done you a favor, make him or her feel thankful, and tell you how much you appreciate the act.In this movie, Luca showed the strategies of expressing appreciation of the act.D18/D-LU/13:04/L Daniela: "Luca?Do you promise?" Luca: "Yes!Yes, I Promise!Thank you."

Assuring a Person of One's Gratitude
Thanking uttered by Luca to Daniela was assuring a person of one's gratitude.Hymes (1972) stated that assuring a person of one's gratitude might also guarantee someone in preparation of one's

Thanking somebody explicitly
Thanking uttered by Luca to Daniela (his mother) was thanking somebody explicitly.Aijmer (1996) stated that thanking somebody explicitly give emphasizes to simple thanking or using English thankfulness for a service, offering, or promises, even if the reality of the intended meaning cannot be presumed.In this movie, Luca showed the types of assuring a person of one's gratitude with his promises.
word thank you or thanks, in this movie, Luca showed the strategies of thanking somebody explicitly.

Closing the Conversation
Thanking uttered by Luca to Alberto was the closed conversation.Hymes (1972) stated that closing conversation give emphasize to farewell conversation.In this movie, Luca showed the type of closing conversation.

Thanking somebody explicitly
Thanking uttered by Luca to Alberto was thanking somebody explicitly.Aijmer (1996)

Making the Hearer Feel Good
Thanking uttered by Luca to Alberto was making the hearer feel good.Hymes (1972) stated that phatic function give emphasize to making the hearer feel better.In this movie, Luca showed the types of making the hearer feel good.

Thanking somebody explicitly
Thanking uttered by Luca to Alberto was thanking somebody explicitly.Aijmer (1996) stated that thanking somebody explicitly give emphasizes to simple thanking or using English word thank you or thanks, in this movie, Luca showed the strategies of thanking somebody explicitly.D7/D-LU/1:18:14/L Daniela: Mom.His life is maybe a little more important than your snacks?Luca: Thank you.

Irony, Sarcasm, Brusqueness
Thanking uttered by Luca to Daniela was the types of irony, sarcasm, and brusqueness.Hymes (1972) stated that irony, sarcasm, and brusqueness give emphasize to the characteristic prosody.In this movie, Luca showed the types of irony, sarcasm, and brusqueness.

Thanking somebody explicitly
Thanking uttered by Luca to Daniela (his mother) was thanking somebody explicitly.Aijmer (1996) stated that thanking somebody explicitly give emphasizes to simple thanking or using English word thank you or thanks, in this movie, Luca showed the strategies of thanking somebody explicitly.

Negative Request
Thanking uttered by Luca to Alberto was the types of negative request.Hymes (1972) stated that negative request give emphasize for something undesirable and as a request not to do so.In this movie, Luca showed the types of negative request.

Thanking somebody explicitly
Thanking uttered by Luca to Alberto was thanking somebody explicitly.Aijmer (1996) stated that thanking somebody explicitly give emphasizes to simple thanking or using English word thank you or thanks, in this movie, Luca showed the strategies of thanking somebody explicitly.

Discussion
This section discusses the findings of the research.The explanation in this section is intended to elaborate the findings of the research, namely, types of thanking expressions and strategies of thanking expression.

Types Of Thanking Expression
According to the research findings, a total of ten distinct types of expressions used to convey gratitude have been identified.However, the researcher discovered only eight types of thank you expressions.Those are acknowledging a major favor, acknowledging a favor, assuring a person of one's gratitude, dismissing a person's service, closing the conversation, making the hearer feel good, irony, sarcasm, brusqueness and negative request.In the film "Luca," a total of 18 data were discovered.The data analysis revealed that the prevalent forms of expressing gratitude were centered around appreciating a significant favor, accounting for 33% of the total of 18 instances.The type that happened least often in the Luca movie was making the listener feel good and making a bad request, which made up 6% of the 18 data.This film's characters in friendships and families often say "thank you" to show respect for someone who has helped.This research related to several theories concerning types of thank-you expressions, one of which is the theory from Hymes (1972).
According to Hymes' (1972), in his theory about speaking, he divided types of thanking into ten types.Researchers employed Hymes ' (1972) theory because it provides a comprehensive explanation of the phenomenon or issue under study.As well, expressions of gratitude are a common occurrence in daily life.In addition to correlating with Hymes's (1972) theory, this research is also supported by prior research on the same topic.
The finding of the types of thanking expression utterances in the Luca movie is supported by six previous studies.The first is conducted by Faqe et al., (2019).They discovered that Kurdish EFL learners employed the most frequent methods of conveying gratitude and appreciation.Both researchers employed grateful expressions and a descriptive qualitative technique.Even though they both examined thank-you expressions, their research did not distinguish between the various expressions.In their study, male and female Kurdish EFL students were used as subjects, while the present study used Luca movies as subjects.Furthermore, they use the Discourse Completion Task (DCT) method to gather data, while the present study uses the documentation technique.
Another study related to the thanking expressions is also supported by Ali Sabah Jameel Al-Khayyat & Tagreed Fayadh Abdul Razaaq (2020).They discovered that thanks-giving speeches were uncommon in the examined themes and topics, and there were no examples in the sixth grade English textbook.Their research and current studies match the topic of thanking expressions, but their research does not concentrate on categories like the present study does.The distinction is that their research focuses on the sixth-grade English textbook, whereas the present study focuses on the Luca Movie.Then, they employed data sources from themes, subjects, and illustrations, whereas the current study employs data sources from English expressions of gratitude.
Moreover, the study carried out by Eripuddin et al., (2022) provides more evidence that aligns with the findings presented by the present study.Based on their investigation, they found sixty thank-you expressions used in this drama.In selecting the topic of thank-you expressions and employing a descriptive qualitative approach, their research is comparable to current studies.The distinction is that their research focuses on student drama performances, whereas the current investigation focuses on the Luca Movie.Another difference distinction is in the data acquired; their research was gathered from 29 sixth-semester students, but the current researcher employs English utterances with thank-you phrases in the Luca film.
As well, there are further sources of evidence that support the current study's investigation of expressions of gratitude, as proven by Beloufa (2022).She discovered approximately 400 instances of "I thank you" in Shakespeare's 37 plays.Her research is comparable to the present studies in that it focuses on the same topic of thank-you expressions.Similarly, a qualitative description is employed as the research methodology.In contrast, the subject of his study in his research is novel from Shakespeare, whereas the subject of the current research is the film Luca.She also concentrates on the verbal act of thanks seen in Shakespeare's corpus, which is another unique characteristic.The current investigation focuses on the various forms of demonstrations of gratitude depicted in the film Luca.
Further research conducted by Ricca & Ambalegin (2022) provides relevance to the current study's premise.They found 15 instances of expressive speech acts in the Love at First Swipe video series.There were 3 records of gratitude, 2 records of apology, 1 record of congratulations, 8 records of compliments, and 1 record of welcome.Their research is comparable to the present study in that both explored the topic of thank-you expressions and employed a descriptive qualitative methodology.The theory employed distinguishes their research from that of contemporary researchers; they employ Searle (1979) and Ilie & Norrick (2018), whereas the present study employs Hymes (1972) andAijmer's theory (1996).The subject of their study is the Love at First Swipe web series, whereas the subject of the current study is the film Luca.
The last supporter of the current research is associated with the same topic regarding expressions of gratitude supported by Hilal & Kadhim (2023).They found that (1) social status affects directness, (2) ethnic origin affects speech act thanking strategies, (3) lazy people use it more often than females, (4) specific expressing gratitude to strategies are more common than implicit thanking, and (5) British personalities are more respectful than Americans in directed plays.Their research and the present study match the topic of thanking expressions, but their research does not concentrate on categories like the present study does.The distinction between their research and that of current research is in the data gathering, which involves two British and two American plays.In the meantime, researchers are presently collecting data from documentation.

Strategies Of Thanking Expression
According to the research findings, a total of right distinct strategies of expressions used to convey gratitude have been identified.However, the researcher discovered only four strategies of thank you expressions.Those are thanking somebody explicitly, stressing one's gratitude, expression emotion, and expressing appreciation of the act.In the Luca movie, 18 data were found.The data above showed that the dominant strategies of thanking expressions was thanking somebody explicitly with 67% of 18 data.Whereas, the strategies of expressing emotion had the lowest percentage with 6% of 18 data.This research related to several theories concerning strategies of thank-you expressions, one of which is the theory of Aijmer (1996).
Aijimer (1996) stated that in his theory about thanking, there are eight strategies of thanking.Researchers employed Aijmer's (1996) theory because it provides a comprehensive explanation of the phenomenon or issue under study.As well, expressions of gratitude are a common occurrence in daily life.In addition to correlating with Aijmer's (1996) theory, this research is also supported by prior research on the same topic.
The finding of the strategy of thanking utterances in the Luca movie is supported by six previous studies.The first is conducted by Faqe et al., (2019).They discovered that Kurdish EFL learners employed the most frequent methods of conveying gratitude and appreciation.Their research is comparable to the current study in that both evaluated strategies for expressing gratitude and employed qualitative descriptive research.In contrast to the present study, their research utilized male and female Kurdish EFL participants as subjects, whereas the current researcher utilized Luca film as subjects.Another difference between their research and that of current researchers is the research theory employed; they use Cheng's (2005) theory, whereas present researchers employ Hymes' (1972) and Aijmer's (1996) theories.
Moreover, the study related to the strategy of thanking is also supported by Ali Sabah Jameel Al-Khayyat & Tagreed Fayadh Abdul Razaaq (2020).They discovered that thanks-giving speeches were uncommon in the examined themes and topics, and there were no examples in the sixth grade English textbook.Their research and the current research match the topic of appreciating expression, but their research is not focused on thank-you strategies, as are the current researchers'.Another distinction is that their research focused on the sixth-grade English textbook, whereas the current study focused on the Luca Movie.In addition, their research uses data sources based on themes, subjects, and illustrations, whereas the current research uses data sources based on English expressions of gratitude.
Likewise, the study carried out by Eripuddin et al., (2022) provides more evidence that aligns with the findings presented by the present study about strategies of thanking.Based on their investigation, they identified sixty thank-you expressions used in this drama.Their research is comparable to current research in that they chose the topic of strategies of thanking expression and employed a descriptive-qualitative approach.Then, one of the theories they use and the theory used by contemporary researchers are both based on Hymes's (1972) theory.The difference is that their research focuses on student drama performances, while current research focuses on the Luca Movie.Furthermore, the data used is different; that study surveyed 29 sixthsemester students, while the present study makes use of English phrasings with expressions of gratitude from the Luca film.
In addition, as proved by Beloufa (2022), there are additional sources of evidence supporting the current study's investigation of expressions of gratitude.She discovered approximately 400 instances of "I thank you" in Shakespeare's 37 plays.They also obtained the same results about thanks expressions as the current researchers; however, unlike the current researchers, they did not explore gratitude tactics in their research.Similarly, a qualitative description is employed as the research methodology.In contrast, the subject of their research is Shakespeare's books The Case of Romeo and Juliet and All's Well That Ends Well, whereas the subject of the current research is the film Luca.The second distinction is that they concentrate on the speech act of gratitude in the Shakespearean corpus.In the meantime, the current study focuses on the expressions and strategies of gratitude in the film Luca.
Further research conducted by Ricca & Ambalegin (2022) provides relevance to the current study's topic about strategies of thanking.They discovered 15 instances of expressive speech acts in the web series Love at First Swipe.There were 3 records of gratitude, 2 records of apology, 1 record of congratulations, 8 records of compliments, and 1 record of welcome.Their research is comparable to current research in that the two researchers obtained the same results regarding expressions of gratitude and used the same qualitative descriptive research method.The difference between their research and current research is the theory they use.They use theories from Searle (1979) and Ilie & Norrick (2018), while current researchers use theories from Hymes (1972) and Aijmer's theory (1996).Another difference is that their research is based on the Love at First Swipe web series, while the current study is based on the movie Luca.They used observational and non-participatory approaches to acquire data, while current researchers employ documentation methods.
The last supporter of the current research is associated with the same topic regarding strategies of thanking supported by Hilal & Kadhim (2023).They found that (1) social status affects directness, (2) ethnic origin affects speech act thanking strategies, (3) lazy people use it more often than females, (4) specific expressing gratitude to strategies are more common than implicit thanking, and (5) British personalities are more respectful than Americans in directed plays.The similarity between their research and the present study is that both investigate strategies of thanking expression.On the other hand, their study is different from current researchers, because they use two British and American plays to collect data.In the meantime, current researchers are collecting data from the documentation.Their research examines the speech act of gratitude using the theory of Leech (1983), whereas current research employs the theories of Hymes (1972) and Aijmer (1996).

Conclusion
According to the data analysis, the researcher concluded that the researcher found the types of thanking expressions and the strategies of thanking expressions in the Luca movie.Based on the theories of Hymes ' (1972), the researcher found eight types of thanking expressions.The largest amount was acknowledging a major favor.
The second type was acknowledging a favor.The third type was dismissing a person's service, closing the conversation, and irony, sarcasm, brusqueness.Whereas the lowfrequency type, which was only utilized rarely throughout the film, was making the hearer feel good and negative request.Besides using Hymes' (1972) theories on speaking, the researcher also employed Aijmer's (1996) theory about thanking.Based on the theories of Aijmer (1996), the researcher found four strategies of thanking expression.The most dominant strategy of thanking used in the Luca movie was strategy of thanking somebody explicitly.The second strategy was stressing one's gratitude.The third strategy was expressing appreciation of the act.Whereas, the strategies of expressing emotion had the lowest percentage.In addition, the researcher asserts that the theory of gratitude has been effectively applied and implemented in the analysis of expressions of gratitude in the Luca movie.The act of expressing gratitude serves not just as a means of assessing something, but it can also convey an alternative significance.For example, when someone says, "Yes!Yes, I promise!Thank you." to someone not only involves uttering the words "thank you," but also entails providing guarantee to fulfill one's commitments.This study proved that thanking is not just employed to express thanks when the speaker profited from the acts performed by another speaker; it can also be employed for many other purposes, such as accepting an offer, negative request, expression appreciation of the act, or expression emotion.anoffer, negative request, expression appreciation of the act, or expression emotion.

Table 1 .
The type of thanking

Table 3 .
Analysis of Types and Strategies of Thanking Expression