Analisis Kebijakan Desentralisasi Sistem Pendidikan Nasional dan Dampaknya terhadap Pendidikan Madrasah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.8.3.2025.6523Keywords:
Analisis Kebijakan, Desentralisasi,, Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Pendidikan MadrasahAbstract
Urgensi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami dampak kebijakan desentralisasi dalam sistem pendidikan nasional terhadap eksistensi dan kualitas pendidikan madrasah di Indonesia. Desentralisasi bertujuan untuk memberdayakan pemerintah daerah dalam mengelola pendidikan, menyesuaikan kurikulum dengan kebutuhan lokal, serta meningkatkan tata kelola dan mutu pendidikan. Namun, kebijakan ini juga menimbulkan tantangan seperti ketidakmerataan pendanaan, inkonsistensi peraturan, dan kesenjangan kualitas antara madrasah dan sekolah umum. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi implikasi desentralisasi terhadap madrasah, termasuk peluang dan tantangan yang dihadapi, serta membandingkannya dengan sekolah umum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur (library research) dengan menganalisis artikel pada jurnal ilmiah terkait kebijakan desentralisasi dan pendidikan madrasah. Artikel disaring berdasarkan kriteria inklusi untuk memastikan relevansinya, yaitu secara eksplisit membahas kebijakan desentralisasi pendidikan atau otonomi daerah, institusi madrasah, serta dampak, hubungan, atau implikasi antara keduanya. Analisis difokuskan secara eksklusif pada konteks Indonesia dengan rentang waktu publikasi antara tahun 1999 hingga 2025, dengan pertimbangan bahwa periode tersebut merupakan era berlakunya otonomi daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desentralisasi memberikan otonomi kurikulum yang lebih besar bagi madrasah, memungkinkan adaptasi dengan nilai-nilai Islam dan konteks lokal, serta meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah. Namun, madrasah juga menghadapi tantangan serius seperti pendanaan yang tidak merata, infrastruktur terbatas, dan ketidakkonsistenan dalam sertifikasi guru. Analisis komparatif dengan sekolah umum mengungkap kesenjangan dalam tata kelola, pendanaan, dan pengawasan, di mana madrasah seringkali kurang mendapatkan dukungan kelembagaan. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah bahwa meskipun desentralisasi mendorong inovasi dan adaptasi, diperlukan kebijakan yang lebih terkoordinasi untuk memastikan kesetaraan akses dan kualitas pendidikan. Rekomendasi yang diajukan meliputi harmonisasi pendanaan antara Kementerian Agama dan Kementerian Pendidikan, serta penguatan mekanisme pengawasan untuk madrasah. Dengan langkah-langkah ini, madrasah dapat berkontribusi lebih efektif dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional yang inklusif dan berkualitas.
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