Nonverbal Communication Used by Students of Informatics Study Program in Studying English through Lesson Study

The objective of this research is to know what kinds of nonverbal communication used by the second semester students of Informatics Study Program in studying English at Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. This research applied descriptive method. The population of this research is the second semester students of Informatics Study Program class 2P and 2J with the total population is about 70 students. And the participants are 35 students. They were taken by applying purposive sampling technique. In collecting the data, the researcher analyzed the data qualitatively and the instruments used observation checklist and supported by documentation. Based on the observation, the researchers conclude that there are some nonverbal communications that students used in studying English such as: gesture, posture, facial expression and eye contact.


Introduction
Communication is a fundamental social process and vital in human life. Said to be fundamental for any society man, both primitive and modern, desirous maintain an agreement on a variety of social rules through communication. Told vital because each individual has the ability to communicate with individuals -more people thus increasing the chance that individual to stay alive. Mulyana (2007) said that communication is the process of exchanging information in the form of massages, symbol, thoughts, signs and opinions. Communication is thus a process by which meaning is assigned and conveyed in a repertoire of skill in interpersonal processing, listening observing speaking questioning, analyzing, gestures, and evaluating, enable collaboration and cooperation.
There are three things to remember in nonverbal communication, interpretation is a critical characteristic of nonverbal communication, Nonverbal communication is not a language of its own system, but more a part of the system of verbal, nonverbal communication can easily misinterpreted. Despite the verbal and nonverbal communication is different in many thing, but both forms of communication that often cooperate or in other words, nonverbal communication has a specific function in verbal communication. The main function of nonverbal communication is as a repeater to say verbally, as complement the verbal message, as a substitute to represent verbal communication, emphasis on certain words.
Various movements of the human body are different can be made as a signal to nonverbal communication, but in this section only have some basic movements that many people use. Gestures also included as a signal in nonverbal communication. What is meant by the gesture is a movement of the body, head, hands, and feet that are meant to convey a particular message.
Gestures have an important role in communication because can be a substitute and complement verbal language. Language movement the body can be translated directly into a word or phrase; for example, the speaker raised his thumb upwards, which means good, raised both shoulders does not know, and others.
In most cultures, eye contact is one the most immediate form of communication and received. Eye contact has the function of which is to see the feedback, to let people another that the channels of communication open and be able to speak, sign of natural relationship. To avoid misinterpretation, a sign language submitted must unambiguous, precise and understandable manner universal. Therefore, sign language used in airsoft game in sign language adaptation of the military that has prevailed internationally.
This research is done through lesson study activities. As stated by Hiebert at al. (2002) that lesson study is the process of improving and building knowledge in teaching process that has origin in Japanese elementary education. To make sure in this research, lesson study is proposed for university classroom. There are various stages of lesson study but in this study the research applied three stages, they were plan, do and see. In the plan stage, the lecturer (the researcher) and other lecturers with the same discipline planned the teaching together was done in doing stage. In this stage, the researcher open the class to be observed by some observers (other lecturers) after having the teaching process, the next step is see (reflection) where in this case the researcher and the observer shared their reflection during the teaching and learning process they have observed.

Method
This research was conducted from 7 th_ 31 st May 2018 at Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. The population was the second semester students of Informatics Study Program from class 2P and 2J. The total number of participants is about 70 students. The technique in choosing the sample was purposive sampling. The researcher took only one class that was class 2P which consist of 35 students. The researchers took this class because that class was taught by the researcher. Moreover, that class is more active and has many of the students than class 2J which is only has 29 students.
This research used observation sheet. Observation sheets used to determine the kinds of nonverbal communication used by second semester students of Informatics Study Program which focused on the students' kinesics. The researcher took photos and video as a documentation during teaching and learning process.

Results
In this research, the researchers used descriptive qualitative method to find out what kinds of nonverbal communication used by students in English learning and how do the student's use the nonverbal communication in the English learning in the classroom.
Based on the observation, the researchers found kinds of nonverbal communication that the students used in studying English. From the results of the research above, the researcher concludes that the nonverbal communication used by the students in the classroom through lesson study is nodding the head, raising the hand, folding the hand, head bowed, rigid body, slumped posture, fear, shock, smile, shy, gazing and glancing when they studied English and there are only 4 nonverbal communications that are not used in the classroom by the students such as angry, sad, winking and intense eye. Those expressions are related with facial expression and eye contact.

Discussion
Based on the finding above, it can be seen the kinds of nonverbal communication used by the students in English learning the classroom. The students was more interested in using kinesics in students' English learning. As the researcher has stated previously that the observation has done in one month and the researchers have analyzed the kinesics of nonverbal communication that the students used. For the specific purposes that have been provided below:

Students' gestures
From the results of the study, the researchers concluded that the nonverbal communication used by students in the classroom were nodding the head, rising and folding the hand. Those students did the movements without realizing in their communication during studying English. Students fold their hand for paying attention to the lecturer's explanation, make a nod head when they understood and raised their hand if they wanted to ask or answer lecturer's question.
Those nonverbal communications used by the students related to Tabensky's statement (2002). He states that gestures are movements of the body, especially the hand or arms, they express an idea or emotion. When they raised their hand, they express their ideas and when they nod their head, they showed their emotion that they have understood.

Students' posture
Based on the analysis in the classroom, there were some students using nonverbal communication in the classroom such as head bowed, rigid body slumped posture when the lecturer explained. Knapp & Hall (2010) said that posture relates to body movements and to height, or tallness, still carries powerful message of dominance. There is some evidences of height being positively correlated with success in leadership positions. Just as people are often unhappy with their overall body image, some are unhappy with their height and may try to compensate (very tall people may stoop while short people may hold their body more erect to appear taller). To lower body towards someone else as in a shallow or deep bow is a universal sight respect and sometimes event defeat. Aggression can be shown by a rigid body, with shoulders raised, both signals of readiness for physical combat. Defeat or depression are indicated by a slumped posture, representing both humility and retreat to the helplessness but recalled security of the focus.
Based on the observation, students showed their aggression by representing their rigid body. Moreover, when they felt depression, their posture of body was slumped. Posture can affect the students in learning process and also their position in sitting. If the seat is good, not too low, not too big, round, rectangle length, according to the student body will feel comfortable and can learn calm and posture cue the students sit silent in English Learning in class. If it is not got, they will slump their body. It means that, they felt depressed or uncomfortable.

Students' facial expression
Some facial expressions that the students used in the classroom are fear, surprise, smile and shy. The expression of fear and surprise that the students used when lecturer explained the materials and asked the students, their facial expressions changed. It indicates that they have not understood with what is explained by the lecturer. And they were smile and shy when they asked and wanted to answer the lecturer's question. It indicates they doubt to with their answer or they knew but they were shy to answer. Morris (2002) said that the face reveals much of our emotional disposition, and there are strong culture and social massages involved in suppressing or expressing those emotions. Facial expressions are one way to convey an emotional because feelings or emotions and their facial expressions are usually difficult to hide. They are related to each other. Students' emotion can affect students in learning process and also their facial expression. If they felt happy or enjoy, they will express smile face. But, if they felt uncomfortable they will show their fear expression in their face. During studying English, they never felt angry or sad.

Students' eye contact
One might argue that eye contact is an important means of nonverbal communication used in the classroom because the first thing that the lecturer and students do before they start teaching learning process is looking or gazing to each other. It is relevant with Morris (2002), he states that eyes the "portals of the soul", communicate fundamental messages, sometimes consciously, sometime unconsciously.
The exchange of eye contact forms a kind of background for further communication. Three main functions can be associated with eye contact in the classroom. The first function is the examination of understanding. Thus, the effective way lecturers can check students' understanding is through eye contact. In this case eye contact can be an efficient way to check understanding. Usually, students, unknowingly, look ahead as they understand what is being explained.
The second, the students will glance when they did not understand. They tend to keep eye contact when they understand, and drop it when they do not understand. This fact is corroborated by the findings of this research. An important thing to mention here is that eye contact itself is not a valid measure to check understanding. The third, eye contact also can help the students to retain their interest. Lecturer, like other public speakers, need to retain their audiences' interest until the end of the session. Sometimes most of the students like to see the lecturer but not always. Based on the findings, the students never winked their eyes to show their interest or showed their intense eye to show their domination. They just gazed and glanced.

Conclusion
Based on the discussion, the students used not only verbal, but also nonverbal communication in studying English in the classroom through lesson study. Some nonverbal communication used are gesture, posture facial expressions, and eye contact. For that reason, the researchers suggest the lecturers to know kinds of nonverbal communication did by their students, so they can know well what students feel and want when they are studying English in the classroom.