Model Pembelajaran Abad 21 yang Efektif di Sekolah Dasar: Sebuah Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/cjpe.8.4.2025.7538Keywords:
Model Pembelajaran, Pendidikan Abad 21, Sekolah Dasar, Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, Communication, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Urgensi penelitian ini semakin menguat mengingat masih terbatasnya kajian komprehensif berbasis systematic literature review yang secara khusus memetakan efektivitas model pembelajaran abad ke-21 di sekolah dasar sebagai landasan pengambilan kebijakan dan praktik pembelajaran yang adaptif terhadap tuntutan global. Perkembangan pendidikan abad 21 menuntut perubahan pendekatan pembelajaran di sekolah dasar, terutama dalam penguatan keterampilan 4C (critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis model pembelajaran abad 21 yang terbukti efektif di sekolah dasar melalui systematic literature review (SLR) yang mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Artikel dikumpulkan dari basis data Scopus, Web of Science, dan SINTA dengan rentang tahun 2020–2025, menghasilkan 10 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PjBL), problem-based learning (PBL), STEM/STEAM, flipped classroom, dan digital inquiry merupakan model yang paling efektif meningkatkan 4C, literasi digital, dan motivasi belajar siswa. Tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan kompetensi guru, sarana digital, serta ketidaksiapan infrastruktur sekolah. Kajian ini menghasilkan model konseptual “I4C-PBM” (Integration of 4C through Project-Based Model) sebagai kontribusi teoretis untuk penguatan pembelajaran abad 21 di sekolah dasar. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi penting bagi pengembangan kurikulum, pelatihan guru, dan inovasi pedagogi.
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