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EKSPLORASI JENIS DAN PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN ENDEMIK DAN LOKAL DI KECAMATAN BOGOR SELATAN
South Bogor District is an area with agroecosystem conditions that still support the existence of endemic and local plant species utilized by local communities. However, scientific information regarding species diversity, utilization patterns, and sustainability potential remains limited. This study aimed to explore the diversity of endemic plants, their utilization forms, plant parts used, as well as community perceptions and threats to their existence in South Bogor District. The research employed a descriptive survey method with an ethnobotanical approach through field observations and semi-structured interviews with local residents. The results revealed various endemic and local plant species utilized by the community, predominantly for medicinal purposes, food, and spices. The most frequently used plant parts were fruits, leaves, and rhizomes, with processing methods that remain simple and based on traditional knowledge. Community perception toward the importance of endemic plants was highly positive; however, high utilization intensity of certain species was not always aligned with their availability in nature. Major threats to the sustainability of endemic plants include land-use change, logging, inadequate plant maintenance, and limited replanting efforts. This study highlights that endemic plants in South Bogor District play essential ecological, social, and cultural roles, yet require community-based management and conservation strategies to ensure their sustainable utilization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shafa Noer, Mashudi Alamsyah, Rina Hidayati Pratiwi, Maya Fadhillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IKAN GARING (GENUS: Tor) SEBAGAI MODEL PENELITIAN HISTOLOGI IKAN AIR TAWAR: LITERATUR REVIEW
Histological analysis is a fundamental approach for understanding tissue structure and biological responses of freshwater fish to environmental and physiological conditions. The selection of an appropriate model organism is crucial to ensure accurate interpretation of histological findings. This literature review aims to evaluate the potential of freshwater fish from the genus Tor as a model organism for histological research. Secondary data were obtained from national and international scientific articles published between 2016 and 2024 that discuss histological and histopathological studies of freshwater fish, with a specific focus on genus Tor. Literature searches were conducted using Google Scholar, Garuda, and PubMed with relevant keywords. A total of five relevant articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed descriptively by comparing the organs examined, histological approaches applied, and major findings related to tissue structure. The reviewed studies indicate that histological investigations on Tor species have covered various organs, including gills, liver, digestive tract, muscle tissue, and larval structures. The results consistently demonstrate that tissue structures in genus Tor are clearly observable and responsive to environmental changes, physiological conditions, and developmental stages. Therefore, genus Tor shows strong potential as a model organism for freshwater fish histological studies, particularly in biomonitoring, environmental assessment, and fish health evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriella Jessica Agatha, Aulia Devani Putri, Sandi Fransisco Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Model Cooperative Learning dengan Metode Jigsaw terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPA dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia berbantuan Aplikasi Quizizz
Pendidikan adalah upaya untuk mengembangkan potensi yang ada dalam diri seseorang untuk menjadi manusia yang baik dan berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh model Cooperative Learning dengan metode Jigsaw berbantuan aplikasi Quizizz terhadap pemahaman konsep IPA dan motivasi belajar siswa kelas VIII pada materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia. Penelitian menggunakan metode pre-experimental dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 peserta didik kelas VIII D SMP Negeri 3 Maumere yang dipilih secara non-probability sampling. Pemahaman konsep diukur dengan tes pilihan ganda yang diberikan sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah (posttest) pembelajaran, sedangkan motivasi belajar diukur menggunakan angket skala Likert. Data dianalisis dengan uji normalitas dan paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada pemahaman konsep dan motivasi belajar setelah penggunaan model cooperative learning dengan metode Jigsaw berbantuan Quizizz. Dengan demikian, model ini efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPA dan motivasi belajar peserta didik.
Copyright (c) 2026 agnes yunita, Oktavius Yoseph Tuta Mago https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PEMANFAATAN BIOTEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI DALAM PEMBUATAN KEFIR AIR KELAPA STRAWBERRY–MINT SEBAGAI INOVASI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL UNTUK MENDUKUNG SDGS 2: KETAHANAN PANGAN
This study aims to analyze the effect of varying concentrations of strawberry–mint extract on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coconut water kefir as an innovative non-dairy functional fermented product. A laboratory experimental design was employed with three treatments: P1 (500 mL), P2 (750 mL), and P3 (1000 mL) of strawberry–mint extract. Sensory evaluation was conducted by 32 untrained panelists using the hedonic method, assessing color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. The pH value was measured as a supporting indicator of fermentation quality and safety. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results indicated that the addition of strawberry–mint extract significantly influenced several sensory attributes, particularly color and taste, with P3 achieving the highest panelist acceptance. The pH of all treatments ranged from 3.8 to 4.2, demonstrating optimal fermentation. The combination of coconut water, strawberry, and mint produced a probiotic beverage rich in bioactive compounds, exhibiting favorable sensory quality and offering a lactose-free functional food alternative. This innovation supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, particularly by promoting the development of value-added local functional foods that contribute to food security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Berliana Nichlah Diah Ayu Putri, Yesika Erliana Putri, Mirna Rafika Dewi, Sa'adatud Daroini Rahmania, Nurul Jadid Mubarokati, Nur Ducha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE BERBANTUAN MEDIA 3D PRINTING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 7 LUWU
The lack of varied learning models and media has an impact on students' interest, understanding, enthusiasm, and activeness, resulting in low critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the effect of the Example Non Example learning model assisted by 3D Printing media on the critical thinking skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 7 Luwu. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental and the design form is a non-equivalent control group design. The sample used in this study were students of class XI MIPA.2 as the experimental class and XI MIPA.3 as the control class. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The instrument used in the study was a critical thinking ability test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis test obtained pretest results of 38,7% in the low category and 61,3% in the medium category. While the posttest results obtained 90,3% in the medium category and 9,7% in the high category. The results of the inferential analysis using the t-test obtained a Sig value (2-tailed) of 0,001<0,05. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Example Non-Example learning model assisted by 3D Printing media has an effect on the critical thinking skills of 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 7 Luwu.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asmar Sap Sofyan, Fitrah Al Anshori, Sukmawati Syam, Nur Muhajirah Yunus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Importance of Digital Campaigns for Students: Critical Solutions to Ecosystem Change for Fostering Environmental Awareness in Ecology Courses
The accelerating changes in ecosystems caused by human activities, such as deforestation, urbanisation, pollution, and climate change, demand a critical response from various groups, including students as agents of change. This article examines the importance of digital campaigns as a strategic tool for students to critique ecosystem changes while cultivating environmental awareness. With an analytical critical approach as a lecturer, this article synthesises various research findings and scientific articles that show that digital campaigns not only function as a medium for disseminating information but also as a vehicle for transformative learning that can build ecological awareness, critical thinking skills, and social engagement among students. Digital campaigns are considered relevant to the characteristics of today's student generation, which is closely connected to digital technology and social media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM FILTER DAN PENERANGAN KOLAM IKAN BERBASIS PLTS
Pemanfaatan energi terbarukan, khususnya energi surya, merupakan solusi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) sebagai sumber energi bagi sistem filter air dan penerangan kolam ikan guna menunjang kualitas ekosistem kolam. Sistem filtrasi berperan dalam menjaga kualitas air, sedangkan sistem penerangan mendukung aktivitas biologis ikan serta kestabilan lingkungan kolam. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimental yang meliputi perancangan sistem, perakitan komponen, serta pengujian kinerja panel surya polikristalin berkapasitas 100 Wp. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi tegangan rangkaian terbuka (Voc) dan arus hubung singkat (Isc) panel surya. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa panel surya menghasilkan tegangan Voc sekitar 20 V dan arus Isc sebesar 5,34 A. Energi listrik yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dikonversi melalui inverter sehingga menghasilkan tegangan AC sekitar 235 V untuk mengoperasikan filter dan penerangan kolam ikan secara stabil. Penerapan sistem PLTS ini berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas ekosistem kolam ikan secara berkelanjutan serta mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap energi listrik konvensional.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rachmat Abdillah Ramadhan, Mochammad choifin, Andini Nurvania Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH JENIS AIR TERHADAP KEBERLANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN CUPANG (Betta sp)
Betta fish (Betta sp.) are freshwater fish that are widely kept as ornamental fish and are known to have quite good adaptability to the environment. However, water quality and type remain important factors that influence the survival and growth of Betta fish. This study aims to determine the effect of water type on the survival of Betta fish (Betta sp.). The study was conducted experimentally for five days in the Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University. Three Betta fish were used as research objects, each kept in different water media, namely regular water (tap water), nano water, and AC water. The parameters observed included fish survival, behavioral changes, physical condition, and water quality including temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels. The results showed that Betta fish kept in nano water showed the most optimal conditions, characterized by better growth in body weight and length and a high survival rate. Betta fish in regular water also showed good survival, although they required water management to reduce chlorine content. Meanwhile, Betta fish kept in AC water showed lower survival and growth rates, as well as signs of stress due to an imbalance in mineral content. Therefore, it can be concluded that water type influences Betta fish survival, and nano water was the most effective maintenance medium in this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Baginda Mulya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEMAMPUAN PSEUDOMONAS BERFLUORESEN SEBAGAI AGEN ANTAGONIS TERHADAP Ralstonia solanaceaerum PENYEBAB LAYU TANAMAN NILAM (Pogestemon cablin Benth)
Patchouli (Pogestemon cablin Benth) is a cultivated plant that can produce oil and generate income for farmers. However, attacks by plant pests (OPT) often pose a challenge to patchouli production in Indonesia. One organism that causes wilt disease in patchouli plants is the bacterium Ralstonia solanaceaerum. Therefore, more environmentally friendly and sustainable control methods are needed. One strategy is the use of biological agents, especially antagonistic rhizosphere bacteria such as fluorescent pseudomonas. This study was conducted from June to August 2025 at the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) as the experimental design. In this study, there were 6 treatments (different isolates), each repeated 3 times. The parameter observed was the formation of an inhibition zone using the disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there were significant differences, Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) was used at a 5% level. Based on the results and discussions, it can be concluded that all fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates tested have the ability to inhibit R. solanaceaerum, the cause of wilt disease in patchouli plants. The isolate with the best ability to inhibit the growth of R. solanaceaerum on patchouli plants was isolate Pf S36 with an inhibition zone of 20.37 mm, but there was no significant difference between the other isolates because the inhibition effectiveness was relatively uniform.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abil Pratama Putra, Linda Advinda, Moralita Chatri, Dezi Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI SEMANGKA DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING AGRIBISNIS
Watermelon farming is a horticultural commodity with high economic value and strong market potential. This study aims to analyze the development strategy of watermelon farming to enhance agribusiness competitiveness at the Practice Garden of the Faculty of Food Technology, Agriculture and Fisheries, Universitas Nusa Nipa. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a SWOT analysis approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the business position is in quadrant I (SO), indicating strong internal strengths and external opportunities. Recommended strategies include utilizing fertile land, skilled labor, applying cultivation technology, and strengthening marketing to improve agribusiness competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Agustina Dua Nona, Fiator Nong, Sarlina Noni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEANEKARAGAMAN KEPITING BIOLA (Uca SPP.) DI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE TONGKE- TONGKE SINJAI TIMUR KABUPATEN SINJAI
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keanekaragaman kepiting biola (Uca spp.) di kawasan mangrove Tongke-Tongke, Sinjai Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di empat stasiun pengamatan menggunakan pengamatan langsung yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik pengambilan sampel bertujuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tiga spesies kepiting biola, yaitu Uca rosea, Uca perplexa, dan Uca jocelynae, yang tersebar tidak merata di seluruh stasiun pengamatan. Analisis indeks ekologi menunjukkan keanekaragaman spesies yang rendah di Stasiun I (H' = 1,07) dengan keseragaman yang tinggi (E = 0,97), sedangkan Stasiun II juga menunjukkan keanekaragaman yang rendah (H' = 0,61) tetapi dengan keseragaman yang sedang (E = 0,55). Tidak ditemukan kepiting biola di Stasiun III dan IV, yang terletak di dekat permukiman penduduk dan kawasan ekowisata. Parameter lingkungan yang diukur meliputi suhu (29,96–30,94 °C), pH (7,4–7,5), salinitas (26,5–27,6‰), oksigen terlarut (DO; 5,29–6,0 mg/L), dan jenis substrat mulai dari lempung berpasir hingga lempung liat berpasir. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kepiting biola dapat berfungsi sebagai bioindikator kesehatan ekosistem mangrove, dengan distribusinya sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik substrat dan kondisi lingkungan, terutama di daerah yang mengalami gangguan antropogenik minimal.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Muspa, Mawadda Turrahmi, Nurman, Syarif Hidayat Amrullah, Rihlaeni Duha A. Baso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITERATURE REVIEW: MEKANISME RESISTENSI ANTIBIOTIK PADA BAKTERI PATOGEN
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing health problem that poses a serious challenge to the treatment of infectious diseases, particularly in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Resistant pathogenic bacteria reduce the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy and increase the risk of treatment failure. This article aims to review the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria using a literature review approach. Relevant national and international scientific articles were analyzed. The results indicate that antibiotic resistance can be classified into intrinsic and acquired resistance, with major mechanisms including antibiotic inactivation, modification of antibiotic targets, decreased membrane permeability, and efflux pump activity. Common pathogenic bacteria associated with antibiotic resistance include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, understanding antibiotic resistance mechanisms is essential for developing effective control strategies and promoting rational antibiotic use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cindy Anggia Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROFESIONALISME PENDIDIK BIOLOGI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PEMBELAJARAN SAINS DI SMAN 8 KOTA SERANG
This study aims to describe the understanding and application of biology teacher professionalism in an effort to improve science learning at SMAN 8, Serang City. A descriptive qualitative research method was used, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation with experienced biology teachers. The results indicate that biology teachers have met high professional and pedagogical competencies, implemented a scientific inquiry-based learning model with supporting media and assessments, and continue to develop themselves through training and educational research. The main obstacles encountered include limited laboratory facilities and lack of student concentration, which were addressed through interactive learning methods. Teacher professionalism significantly contributes to increasing learning interest, conceptual understanding, and the quality of science learning at SMAN 8, Serang City
Copyright (c) 2026 Ina Chandra Rosalianti, Pitri Aisyatun Nurul Aeni, Yayah Amaliyah, Maya Rahayu, Amanda Deliana Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI KETAHANAN GARAM EMPEDU ISOLAT BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT AIR RENDAMAN KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus Vulgaris)
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a group of Gram-positive microorganisms that do not form spores and are non-motile. LAB includes microorganisms from a group of bacteria that play an important role in food fermentation by producing lactic acid that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and food spoilage bacteria. The role of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics for human and animal health includes the digestive system, capable of acting as an antibiotic substitute, by maintaining microbial balance in the digestive system. Resistance to acid and bile salt is a prerequisite for a microorganism to be used as a probiotic because it indicates its ability to survive in the digestive tract. The objective of this research is to determine the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolates obtained from fermented red bean products and to know the resistance ability of lactic acid bacteria isolates to bile salt exposure. Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria was performed using the pour plate method on MRSA media. The bacteria were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Macroscopic observation was based on morphological characteristics consistent with lactic acid bacteria as commonly seen, which is determined by the color and shape of the colonies, while microscopic observation was focused on the shape and whether they are gram-positive or gram-negative. The results of the isolation from the red bean soaking water on MRSA media yielded one isolate that was successfully isolated from the red bean soaking water and was identified as lactic acid bacteria suspected to resemble the genus Streptococcus sp. The salt tolerance test of the lactic acid bacteria isolate KM2 from red bean soaking water showed an inability to survive in bile salt conditions. This indicates that the isolate does not have sufficient resilience to the bile-rich environment of the gastrointestinal tract.
Copyright (c) 2026 Artin Ina Sintia Malo, Maria Yasinta Moi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDI PENDAHULUAN PENGGUNAAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATERI TUMBUH KEMBANG MAKHUK HIDUP
This Study is a preliminary study on the use of the problem ased Learning (PBL) model to improve students critical thinking skills in the subject of Gworth and Development of Living Things at SMAN 4 Kota Serang. The approach used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach through semi-structured intervies with Biology teachers, which revealed that students critical thinking skills are still homogenous and somewhat low due to the use of conventional models. The Problem Based Laerning model is considered quite promising because it exposes students to authentic problems. Although slightly hampered by factors such as a shortage of teaching of staff and time constraints, it is necessary to conduct trials for pedadigical transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ranti Apriyanti, Dewi Robiatun Muharomah, Maya Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN ANGIOSPERMAE DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS FMIPA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
Angiosperms are a group of closed seed plants that have an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, especially in the campus environment that functions as a green open space. This study aims to know the diversity of Angiosperms found in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) Campus environment, Padang State University (UNP). The method used is direct observation with exploration techniques in several locations of the FMIPA campus. The data collected include local names, scientific names, families, and classifications of Angiosperms. The results of the observations show that the FMIPA UNP Campus environment has a fairly high diversity of Angiosperms, consisting of various monocot and dicot species originating from various families. This diversity is influenced by environmental conditions, management of campus green spaces, and the use of plants as ornamental plants, shade plants, and medicinal plants. The presence of Angiosperms in the campus environment plays an important role in supporting ecological, aesthetic, and educational functions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Khairani, Moralita Chatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Z Analisa Keandalan Turbin Uap Dengan Penerapan Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Dan 4 Disipline Of Execution Di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
A steam turbine is an energy conversion machine whose converted energy is used by other machines to generate power. This study aims to analyze the reliability of turbine engines using the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) method and the 4 Disciplines of Execution (4DX). In this study, TPM was used to identify various major causes of production time loss, such as breakdowns, setup time, and loading time. Meanwhile, 4DX focuses on achieving key objectives through consistent and measurable actions, namely zero breakdowns and zero stagnation. The results of this study indicate that the Availability value is 98.69%, the Performance value is 98.14%, the Quality value is 99.74%, and the OEE value is 96.61%, which means that the turbine is in a reliable condition. In addition, 4DX plays a role in accelerating the achievement of improvement targets by providing a more focused approach, monitoring daily activities, and enhancing accountability. The research results indicate that the combination of these two methods is effective in improving turbine reliability, extending equipment lifespan, and fostering employee discipline. Keywords: Steam Turbine, Reliability, TPM, OEE, 4DX
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulham Effendi zulham, Siti Aisyah, Muhammad Bagas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ARTIKEL REVIEW: AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN KARAMUNTING (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) TERHADAP BAKTERI PATOGEN
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria remain a health concern, particularly due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Natural products such as karamunting leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) have potential as alternative antibacterial agents. This review aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of karamunting leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria through a literature review. Relevant scientific articles were analyzed. The results show that karamunting leaf extracts inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Streptococcus mutans, as indicated by the formation of inhibition zones with varying diameters. Differences in antibacterial activity are influenced by extract concentration, bacterial species, testing methods, and secondary metabolite content. These findings indicate that karamunting leaf extracts have potential as natural antibacterial agents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shifa Rahmi Mulyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (METASYNTHESIS) PENGARUH PJBL TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN SISWA
Student activity in the process of teaching and learning activities can be seen from the learning methods carried out. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of PJBL on student activity. The research method used in writing this literature review is systematic review meta synthesis, which is a qualitative technique used to combine similar primary data to obtain a new understanding of the problem at hand. This research aims to examine the results of previous studies, in order to determine the effect of PjBL on student activity. The data source used was taken from an online data bank with the keyword "Project Based Learning on student activity." The articles obtained were selected using specified criteria, and after screening 20 reference articles were obtained. The data banks used are Google Scholar, and Neliti. Based on a systematic meta synthesis review, it is clear that there is an influence between the PjBL learning model on student activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadillah NR Siahaan, Muhyiatul Fadilah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PEMANFAATAN DAGING BUAH PALA (MYRISTICA FRAGRANS) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN PRODUK MINUMAN PENGHANGAT TUBUH HASIL FERMENTASI RAGI (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE)
This study aims to detemine how to use of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) as a raw material for making a body warming beverage product fermented by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), measure their alcohol content and to see the public’s interest in nutmeg fermented product. Sampling was carried out in Rubit Village Hewokloang district, Sikka regency, East Nusa Tenggara and alcohol content measurements were carried out at the Makassar health Laboratory center. Nutmeg that has been fermented by giving yeast with various treatment, namely sampel A (6 grams, sample B (10 grams) and sample C (20 grams). Fermentation was carried out for 72 hours then the alcohol content was then measured and an organoleptic test were carried out on color, teste and flavor was conducted involving 50 panelists. From the result of the organoleptic tests, the panelists preferred the fermented nutmeg drink in sample B namely with the addition of 10 grams of yeast and generally fell into the category of “fairly interesting/liked” with percentages from 41% to 60%. Meanwhile the alcohol content of each sample showed values of 6,78% for sample A, 6,99% for sample B and 7,21% for sample C. This shows that the more yeast added the higher the ethanol (alcohol) content, the longer fermentation time, then the number of microoganisms decreased.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arnolda Peren, Suci Wulandhani, Maisya Zahra Al-Banna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN MIND MAPPING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA KELAS X PADA MATERI PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN
The low ability of students' creative thinking skills is still a major problem in learning biology, especially in environmental change materials that require analytical and problem-solving skills. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model assisted by Mind Mapping on the creative thinking ability of class X students of SMAN 4 Solok City. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a post-test only control group design. The research sample consisted of 41 students who were divided into an experimental class (22 students) and a control class (19 students). The research instrument is in the form of a test of creative thinking ability which includes indicators of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Data were analyzed using the Liliefors normality test, homogeneity test, and Welch t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the creative thinking skills of students in the experimental class and the control class, with the value of t calculated (2.32) greater than the t value of the table (2.02). The average post-test score of the experimental class (78.6) was higher than that of the control class (66.7). Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the PjBL model assisted by Mind
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuli Munda Yana, Irwan Hanafi, Ratih Komala Dewi, Darmanella Dian Eka Wati, Afrahamiryano, Helvita Roza, Chairul Amri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIOLISTRIK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DARI MIKROBA EKSOELEKTROGENS TANAH PUPUK ORGANIK PADA BERBAGAI PENAMBAHAN AIR
The increasing demand for electricity has triggered the development of environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. One promising innovative technology is the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), which utilizes electroactive microorganisms such as exoelectrogens to generate electricity from organic materials. This research aims to analyze the impact of organic fertilizer soil and the addition of water on bi-electricity production in MFC systems. The experiment was conducted using organic fertilizer soil as a substrate, with parameters such as voltage and power density being measured regularly. The results show that exoelectrogenic microbes can significantly enhance electricity production, with specific treatments (P2 U1) providing the highest stability in electricity generation over 24 hours. The addition of water also positively impacted microbial activity and electron transfer. This study reinforces the potential of organic fertilizer soil-based MFCs as a sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy source.
Copyright (c) 2026 Regina Zahrani Marza, Putri Amelya Ningsih , Muhammad Nazif Zen, Silvi Tamara, Echy Dania Putri, Dinda Aulia Nabila, Intan Feby Nasty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENDEKATAN HISTOLOGI INSANG DAN HATI IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR KUALITAS PERAIRAN ALAMI DI INDONESIA: LITERATUR REVIEW
The quality of freshwater in Indonesia has declined due to increasing anthropogenic pressures, particularly from heavy metals, agricultural waste, and industrial waste. A bioindicator approach based on the biological response of aquatic organisms is needed to complement conventional water quality monitoring. This review article aims to examine changes in the histology of the gills and liver of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a bioindicator of freshwater quality in Indonesia. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles obtained from Google Scholar, Garuda, and ScienceDirect. Articles were selected based on the suitability of the research location in Indonesia, the use of tilapia as the object, and the histological analysis of the gills and/or liver. The results of the review show that water pollution in Indonesian lakes and rivers, especially by heavy metals and anthropogenic activities, consistently causes histological changes in the gills and liver of tilapia. The dominant lesions in the gills included hyperplasia, edema, lamella fusion, epithelial lifting, and telangiectasis, while in the liver, fatty degeneration, hydropic degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis were found. These patterns of change reflect the cause-and-effect relationship between the type and intensity of pollutants and the degree of tissue damage. These findings confirm that the histological approach to tilapia gills and liver has strong potential as a biological bioindicator in monitoring and sustainable management of freshwater quality in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandi Fransisco Pratama, Gabriella Jessica Agatha, Sandi Fransisco Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANGTUA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA: SEBUAH SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aimed at examining empirical evidence related to the influence of parenting styles on student learning motivation at various levels of education. The study subjects included elementary, secondary, and higher education students in international research. The research method is a literature study by collecting relevant references from scientific articles, research reports and relevant journal publications. Data collection techniques included identifying relevant articles using specific keywords, assessing study quality, and thematic coding. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively using narrative synthesis of selected research findings. The review results indicate that parenting styles, particularly authoritative/authoritative and responsive parenting styles, are positively correlated with student learning motivation, while highly authoritarian or permissive styles can have a less than optimal impact on student motivation. The implications of this research are important for the development of family interventions and educational policies that support parental involvement in children's learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wiwik Wiji Astuti, Andi Nurveryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF ECTA-T AND EMIS-T WITH A COMBINATION OF THREE-TIER AND CERTAINTY RESPONSE INDEX METHODS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPT
Environmental pollution is a problem that often occurs in the environment where we live, and requires the ability to think creatively to be able to solve it. The ability to think creatively in solving environmental problems is determined by their knowledge related to ecology. Therefore this study aims to create an instrument that can measure students' misconceptions (EMis-T) in ecological material and an instrument that can measure students' creative thinking skills (ECTA-T) in solving environmental problems. The research was conducted with reference to the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Borg & Gall (2003) development model which was modified into four development steps, including: (1) Preliminary study stage; (2) Development stage; (3) validation and trial stage; (4) Application Stage. The type of instrument developed is in the form of an essay type written test by combining the three tier test type and certainty response index. The objects that were used as targets for the development of this instrument were class X senior high school. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that the product that has been developed has valid criteria, medium high reliable value, no discriminating power which has a negative value, and questions that have an easy level of difficulty do not dominate, so this product can be used by educators to measure creative thinking skills and students' misconceptions about environmental material. The identified level of students' creative thinking ability was dominated by students in the high category. While the level of students' misconceptions that were identified were dominated by students in the low category.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Rizkiyah Rizkiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITERATURE REVIEW: AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA DAUN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens JACK.)
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms remain a global health problem, especially with the increasing cases of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics. This condition has prompted efforts to search for alternative antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources. Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) is one of Indonesia's medicinal plants that has traditionally been used in the treatment of infectious diseases. This article aims to systematically review the results of research related to the antimicrobial activity of sungkai leaves based on published studies. The method used in writing this article is a literature study of national and international scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 through Google Scholar and PubMed. The results of the study show that sungkai leaf extract has antibacterial and antifungal activity against various pathogenic microorganisms, with varying levels of effectiveness based on the type of test microbe, testing method, and concentration of extract used. Antimicrobial activity is formed due to secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids. Based on these findings, sungkai leaves have the potential to be developed as a natural antimicrobial agent, although further research is needed to support its safety and clinical application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maylizawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI EFEKTIVITAS FUNGISIDA KIMIA TERHADAP JAMUR PATOGEN Fusarium sp. SECARA IN VITRO
Fusarium sp. is a pathogenic fungus causing wilt disease in Acacia crassicarpa nurseries and reducing seedling quality in industrial forest plantations. The control of this disease is generally done with chemical (synthetic) fungicides, but the most effective one is not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of several chemical fungicides against Fusarium sp. growth in vitro. The study was conducted from February to June 2025 at the Plant Protection Department (PPD) Laboratory, R&D Division of PT. Arara Abadi using a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments: control, Octave (prochloraz–manganese chloride complex), Besromil (metalaxyl), and Odeon (chlorothalonil), with three replications. The observed parameter was the percentage of fungal growth inhibition. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that Octave exhibited the highest inhibitory effect with 100% inhibition and was significantly different from other treatments. Besromil and Odeon showed low inhibition and were not significantly different from the control. Therefore, prochloraz–manganese chloride complex was the most effective fungicide in inhibiting Fusarium sp. growth in vitro.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cleoraissa Insyira, Bayo Alhusaeri Siregar, Moralita Chatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE PATTERNS OF PROTEIN, ZINC, VITAMIN A AND VITAMIN C AND THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS (ARI) AMONG TODDLERS IN THE WORKING AREA OF MEUKEK COMMUNITY HEALTHCENTER
Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang paling banyak dialami balita dan menjadi penyebab kesakitan serta kematian tertinggi di berbagai daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi protein, zink, vitamin A dan vitamin C terhadap penyakit ISPA pada balita di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Meukek. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jenis survey analitik. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 89 balita berusia 2-5 tahun yang dipilih menggunakan Teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi protein dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,024), vitamin A dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,002), dan vitamin C dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,022). Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi zink dengan kejadian ISPA dengan P=value= 1,000.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iza Nur Alief, Sufyan Anwar, Khairunnas, Nasrianti Syam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS USAHATANI TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum Lycopersium) DI KEBUN PRAKTEK FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PANGAN PERTANIAN DAN PERIKANAN UNIVERSITAS NUSA NIPA
Tomato farming (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the horticultural activities with considerable economic potential; however, it also faces challenges such as high production costs, cultivation risks, and price fluctuations. This study aims to analyze production costs, revenue, income, and financial feasibility of tomato farming conducted at the Practice Garden of the Faculty of Food Technology, Agriculture, and Fisheries, Nusa Nipa University, Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, using primary data obtained from direct observation and systematic recording during the farming activities, as well as secondary data from relevant institutional reports and literature.The results indicate that the total production cost of tomato farming amounted to IDR 5,728,664, while total revenue reached IDR 6,000,000, resulting in a net income of IDR 271,336 per planting season. Financial feasibility analysis using the Revenue-Cost (R/C) Ratio yielded a value of 1.05, indicating that the tomato farming enterprise is economically feasible and profitable. Therefore, tomato farming at the practice garden has the potential to be further developed, particularly through improved efficiency in input utilization and better cost management. This study is expected to serve as a reference for students, farm managers, and farmers in making informed decisions regarding sustainable horticultural farming practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Robbi, Yohana Anggriani, Taras Iawan Saputera Wanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN DIKOTIL DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
This study was motivated by the important role of campus green spaces in supporting plant biodiversity conservation. The aim of this research was to identify and describe the diversity of dicotyledonous plants on the campus of Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The research was conducted from November to December 2025 using a descriptive method. Data were collected through direct field observations by recording morphological characteristics of dicotyledonous plants, including growth habit, stems, leaves, and flowers. Plant identification was supported by the PlantNet application and relevant botanical literature. The data were analyzed descriptively by classifying species based on taxonomic levels. The results showed that all recorded plants belonged to the dicotyledonous group within the class Magnoliopsida, comprising 25 species, 22 genera, 14 families, and 10 orders. Dominant families included Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, and Combretaceae, which exhibit diverse ecological roles and benefits. In conclusion, the Universitas Negeri Padang campus supports a relatively high diversity of dicotyledonous plants and functions as an important habitat for plant biodiversity. This study is recommended as baseline data for green space management, further botanical research, and biology education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melani Domisofa, Moralita Chatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERAN ORGANISME SESSILE SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR MIKROPLASTIK DI EKOSISTEM PESISIR: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Microplastics have emerged as pervasive contaminants in coastal ecosystems and can accumulate in sessile organisms, particularly bivalves, through filtration mechanisms. This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on microplastic concentration, characteristics, polymer types, and identification methods in sessile organisms using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Literature selection was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, with inclusion criteria limited to primary research articles published between 2015 and 2025. The synthesis results indicate that microplastics are consistently detected in sessile organisms, with concentrations varying among species and locations. Fibers represent the dominant microplastic shape, followed by fragments, while particle sizes are generally within smaller microplastic classes that exhibit high bioavailability. The most frequently identified polymer types include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), suggesting predominantly anthropogenic sources associated with domestic and fisheries-related activities. Across all reviewed studies, microplastic identification was primarily performed using spectroscopic techniques, particularly Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and its variants, which enable accurate polymer determination. Overall, this review highlights the potential of sessile organisms as effective bioindicators of microplastic pollution in coastal environments and underscores the need for standardized analytical methods to improve data comparability across studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Feby Nasty, Sandi Fransisco Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ARTIKEL REVIEW: BAKTERI ENDOFIT SEBAGAI SUMBER SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBA
Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem that drives the search for new sources of antimicrobial compounds. One potential source that has been widely studied is endophytic bacteria, which are microorganisms that live within plant tissues without causing disease. This review aims to examine the potential of endophytic bacteria as a source of antimicrobial compounds based on national and international scientific literature. The review was conducted through an analysis of relevant research articles in the field of microbiology. The findings indicate that endophytic bacteria, particularly from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces, are capable of producing various bioactive secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, antimicrobial peptides, polyketides, and phenolic compounds. These metabolites have demonstrated inhibitory activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The production of antimicrobial metabolites is influenced by host plant species and environmental conditions. Therefore, endophytic bacteria have strong potential to be developed as a source of natural antimicrobials to address antibiotic resistance, although further studies are required to evaluate production optimization and safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadika Rahma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA BAKTERI ENDOFIT PSEUDOMONAS BERFLUORESEN TERHADAP Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus DAN Candida
Antimicrobial resistance is increasing every year. New and better antimicrobial sources are needed. One source of antimicrobials that can be explored is from endophytic bacteria. This study aims to test the ability of fluorescent Pseudomonas endophytic bacteria from the roots of plantain lemongrass in producing antimicrobial compounds. The type of research is descriptive. The antimicrobial activity of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates was tested using the point inoculation method using test microbes E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The clear zone was observed after 24 hours. The results showed that fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates were able to inhibit E. coli with a diameter of 3.9 mm found in isolate 51. S. aureus bacteria had an inhibition zone of 9.4 mm in isolate 89. Interesting results were shown by isolate 51 in inhibiting C. albicans with an inhibition zone diameter of 29.9 mm. These differences in response are thought to be related to variations in cell wall structure and the presence of an outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, which inhibits the penetration of active compounds. Overall, fluorescent Pseudomonas endophytic bacteria from the roots of the plantain have the potential to be developed as a source of new antifungal candidates against C. albicans, while their antibacterial activity still needs to be optimized through compound purification and further testing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Hilda Putri, Fauzi Eka Nuraini, Linda Advinda, Irdawati, Dezi Handayani, Laila Mardhiyah Nazri, Tesya Wulandari, Liza Febrianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN LKM UNTUK MENDUKUNG PENINGKATAN LITERASI SAINS PADA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI MURID SMA/MA
Scientific literacy is an essential twenty-first century skill that supports students in thinking critically and understanding scientific phenomena in everyday life. However, the level of scientific literacy among Indonesian students remains relatively low. This study aimed to analyze the need for Student Worksheets to support the improvement of scientific literacy in biology learning for eleventh-grade senior high school students. This research employed a descriptive method with data collected through student observation questionnaires, scientific literacy questionnaires, biology teacher interviews, and analysis of student’s biology test scores. The results indicate that although student questionnaire responses suggested moderate to high levels of scientific literacy, interview findings and academic performance data revealed that students’ actual scientific literacy was still low. Therefore, the development of scientific literacy-oriented worksheets is needed to enhance biology learning and scientific literacy effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chelvanni Ariati, Lufri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0