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NARRATIVE REVIEW: POTENSI EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN LACTOBACILLUS DAN MENGHAMBAT BAKTERI PENYEBAB DIARE
Diarrhea is a global health challenge exacerbated by increasing antibiotic resistance. This narrative review aims to analyze the potential of garlic extract (Allium sativum) as a natural synbiotic agent in supporting Lactobacillus growth while suppressing enteric pathogens. The method used was a narrative review with systematic literature searches through the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The synthesis results show that garlic contains allicin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) compounds at 3.34% w/w, which are effective in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., and are able to stimulate the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus optimally at a concentration of 4%. In conclusion, Allium sativum has dual potential as an antibacterial agent and prebiotic, whose effectiveness is influenced by concentration and extraction method. Further research is needed to standardize the dosage for clinical application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadillah Amanda, Olyvia Azzahra Putri Hartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GENOME EDITING BERBASIS CRISPR-CAS9 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN TOLERANSI STRES ABIOTIK PADA TANAMAN PADI (ORYZA SATIVA): A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and oxidative stress are major factors limiting the growth and productivity of rice plants. The development of CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing technology provides a new, more precise approach to modifying genes that play a role in plants' adaptive responses to environmental stresses. This study aims to synthesize the development of genome editing research in rice plants, focusing on the identification of target genes, genome editing strategies, and their impact on increasing abiotic stress tolerance. The method used is a systematic literature review of research articles published in international scientific journals. A total of 31 articles were analyzed in the literature review process, and 22 articles that explicitly reported target genes and genome editing strategies were used in the main synthesis. The results of the analysis showed that most studies targeted regulatory genes that play a role in regulating stress responses, especially groups of transcription factors such as NAC, DREB, bZIP, MYB, and WRKY. In addition, several studies also targeted genes related to ion homeostasis, hormonal signaling pathways, secondary metabolism, and antioxidant systems. The most dominant genome editing strategy was gene knock-out through CRISPR-Cas9-based mutations, while several recent studies have begun to apply multiplex genome editing to target more than one gene simultaneously. Genome-edited rice plants generally show increased tolerance to various abiotic stresses through improved ion homeostasis, increased water use efficiency, cell membrane stability, and strengthened antioxidant systems. These findings indicate that CRISPR-Cas9 is a precision genome engineering approach with the potential to support the development of rice varieties that are more adaptive to environmental changes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maya Putriwan, Sumarni, Rachmawaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROBES AND FUNGI FROM SOIL SAMPLES OF GUNGGUNG VILLAGE, BATUAN DISTRICT, SUMENEP REGENCY AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS AT THE EAST JAVA FOOD CROPS AND HORTICULTURE PLANT PROTECTION LABORATORY
Soil microorganisms play an essential role in maintaining soil fertility and suppressing plant pathogens, making them potential biological control agents in sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to explore and identify microbes and fungi from soil samples collected from yellow Kepok banana (Musa spp.) plantations in Gunggung Village, Batuan District, Sumenep Regency, as potential biological agents. The novelty of this research lies in the exploration of untreated Fusarium-infected banana plantation soil to obtain indigenous microbial isolates with biocontrol potential. A descriptive exploratory research design was employed. Bacterial isolation was conducted using the serial dilution method on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), followed by purification, macroscopic and microscopic characterization, 5% KOH test, soft rot test, and hypersensitivity test. Fungal isolation was performed using the baiting method with coconut, rice, and mealworms as substrates, followed by morphological identification. The results revealed the presence of Bacillus sp. as the dominant bacterial isolate, characterized by circular colonies, yellowish-white color, Gram-positive reaction, and rod-shaped cells. Soft rot and hypersensitivity assays indicated varying pathogenic responses among isolates. Fungal identification showed the presence of Aspergillus sp. (brownish-green, powdery colonies) and Penicillium sp. (yellowish-green, granular colonies). These findings indicate that soil from the study site contains microbial populations with potential applications as biological control agents. The study highlights the importance of exploring indigenous soil microorganisms to support environmentally friendly plant disease management and sustainable agricultural practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diva Anindita Darma, Wiwin Misnati Nur Indahsari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VARIASI MORFOLOGI SISIK PADA IKAN FAMILI CYNOGLOSSIDAE: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR
The tonguefish (family Cynoglossidae) is characterized by its flattened body and is widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific, India, Pakistan, and the Red Sea. This study aims to analyze the variation of scale types in the family Cynoglossidae based on a literature review. The literature search was conducted using electronic databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used in the search were "Cynoglossidae", "scale morphology", "tonguefish", and "scales". A total of 9 articles met the inclusion criteria and were extracted for data. Fifteen species of tonguefish were successfully identified in terms of their scale types. Three patterns of scale variation were found: ctenoid scales on both sides, ctenoid scales on the eyed side and cycloid scales on the blind side, and cycloid scales on both sides. The conclusion of this review is that the scale types in the family Cynoglossidae vary among species and show consistent patterns, thus they can serve as supporting characters in taxonomic identification and classification.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suchy Rahmadhani, Abdul Razak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS-JENIS KEPITING (BRACHYURA) YANG DIPERJUAL-BELIKAN DI PASAR KECAMATAN PADANG BARAT, KOTA PADANG
Crab trade in traditional markets is an important part of the fisheries distribution chain that reflects the utilization of marine resources by coastal communities. This study aims to identify the types of crabs (Brachyura) traded in traditional markets in Padang Barat District, Padang City, and to provide basic information for sustainable fisheries resource management. The research was conducted in February 2026 through direct observation at three traditional markets, namely Purus Fish Market, Raden Saleh Market, and Padang City Central Market. Data were collected through specimen documentation, species recording, and brief interviews with traders. The results of the study show that there are four species of crabs traded, all of which belong to the Portunidae family, namely Scylla serrata, Charybdis feriata, Portunus sanguinolentus, and Portunus pelagicus. The dominance of the Portunidae family indicates that swimming crabs are the main commodity in the marine product trade in the coastal area of West Sumatra. This study provides basic data on crab utilization in traditional markets and can support fisheries management, conservation of biological resources, and coastal economic development based on biodiversity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmadana, Rijal Satria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS KERAGAMANGENETIK DNA UBI JALAR (Ipomea batatas L.)DENGAN MARKA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD)
Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) is a national food security supported by one of the potential plant resources. After rice, corn, and cassava, sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) contains the fourth highest carbohydrate. Sweet potato is a good source of thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetics of the analysis results presented in sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) using dendograms and DNA banding patterns in sweet potatoes based on RAPD markers. The research method used is an experimental method to collect data by conducting direct experiments, isolating DNA, and conducting PCR using the RAPD technique; Six RAPD primers were used: OPA 2, OPA 3, OPA5, OPA7, OPD 11, and OPD 13. The study resulted in genetic diversity seen from the DNA banding pattern that forms polymorphism. RAPD produces bands measuring 100-900 bp. The genetic diversity of 4 types of Ipomea batatas L. plants analyzed using the NTSYS pc-2.02i application on the kinship relationship displayed with a dendogram shows the same diversity, namely orange sweet potatoes with yellow sweet potatoes, which have the highest level of similarity because they join at a coefficient value of around 0.91. While in purple sweet potatoes joining the group (yellow sweet potatoes and orange sweet potatoes) at a coefficient value of 0.86 indicates that purple sweet potatoes are slightly more different but still in the group. Then in white sweet potatoes have a connection coefficient value of around 0.81 which indicates that this sample is the most different compared to the others)
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Wulan Dari, Zahratul Idami, Kartika Manalu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS FINGERPRINT DNA GENOTIPE BELIMBING DENGAN GENUS Averrhoa MENGGUNAKAN PRIMER RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC
Fingerprinting is a technique in DNA technology that can be used to see individual diversity and can also differentiate individuals from each other even though they are very closely related. This study aims to see the results of DNA fingerprinting of starfruit genotypes with the genus Averrhoa using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and to see the polymorphism value of each Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primer. The research method used is Fingerprint DNA with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, namely OPA-2, OPA-3, OPA-5, OPA-7, OPD-11 and OPD-13. The results of the research show that the fingerprint results can be seen clearly. using electrophoresis. The best results were the primers OPA 2, OPA3 with 6 band patterns, followed by the second highest number of OPA5, OPD 11 with 5 band patterns, and the third highest number of OPA7, OPD 13 with 4 DNA fingerprint band patterns, the results of the kinship relationship between each Averrhoa have The polymorphic value shows that sweet starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) has a relationship of around 0.62% with starfruit. wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.). The Demak starfruit (Averrhoa carambola Cultivar Demak) has a relationship of around 0.71% with the Sembiring starfruit (Averrhoa carambola).
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Hikmah, Zahratul Idami, Kartika Manalu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI DAUN TANAMAN UBI KAYU (Manihot escolenta Cantz) BERDASARKAN PENANDA RAPD (RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA)
Cassava Plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz), traditionally cultivated and offering many benefits as food ingredients, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. Cassava is also known to be rich in carbohydrates, soluble dietary fiber, and beneficial micronutrients for the body. Morphological and genetic diversity in cassava plants is crucial for the development of superior and improved varieties. This study aims to identify the morphological diversity of cassava leaf plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and analyze dendrogram relationships using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. The research was conducted in Serdang Bedagai Regency and the laboratory of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan. The methods used included sample collection, DNA isolation, PCR amplification, electrophoresis, and data analysis. The results showed variations in leaf morphology as observed in the number of leaflets, color, and shape of leaves in cassava varieties Genderuwo, Roti, Keriting, and Jari. Morphologically, the Genderuwo and Roti cassava leaves were the most similar. The dendrogram analysis using RAPD primers OPA 2, OPA 3, OPA 5, and OPA 7 showed a close relationship between Genderuwo and Roti varieties (coefficient 0.85), while the Jari variety had the most distant relationship (coefficient 0.60). This research can serve as a reference in cassava plant breeding to produce superior varieties
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiza Hazmi, Zahratul Idami, Kartika Manalu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POTENSI Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus STRAIN N25 DALAM PRODUKSI BIOLISTRIK PADA VARIASI STARTER
The development of renewable energy sources is important due to the increasing demand for electricity. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a technology that utilizes microorganisms to convert organic substrates into electrical energy. This study aims to determine the potential of Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus strain N25 in producing bioelectricity at different starter concentrations. The research was conducted using an experimental method with variations of starter concentrations in an MFC system. Bioelectricity production was measured using a digital multimeter in millivolts (mV). The results are expected to provide information about the optimal starter concentration for bioelectricity production by thermophilic bacteria.
Bioelectricity, Microbial fuel cell, Starter concentration, Thermophilic bacteria
Copyright (c) 2026 echy dania putri echy dania putri, Irdawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH KELAS XI MAS. AL-IHSAN PANDEGLANG
Biology learning often involves abstract concepts, such as the circulatory system, which students find difficult to understand through conventional methods. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a quantitative approach. A sample of 42 eleventh-grade students from MAS Al-Ihsan Pandeglang was divided into an experimental group, which used video media, and a control group, which used conventional methods. Data were collected through motivation questionnaires and multiple-choice tests. The results showed that the experimental group achieved a significantly higher average N-Gain score of 56.50%, compared to 21.25% for the control group. Furthermore, student motivation was high, with 93.21% of students exhibiting a positive attitude toward the use of learning videos. In conclusion, the use of biology learning videos significantly enhances both student motivation and learning outcomes regarding the circulatory system materiallearning outcomes and motivation compared to conventional methods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeni Haerani, Hermawan, Rina Nuraisyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EKSPLORASI SERTA IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI DAN CENDAWAN TANAH KABUPATEN SAMPANG SEBAGAI AGENS HAYATI DI LABORATORIUM AGENS HAYATI UPT PTPH JAWA TIMUR
Exploration of soil microorganisms as biological control agents is one of the environmentally friendly approaches to controlling plant pests and diseases. This study aimed to explore and identify soil bacteria and fungi with potential as biological control agents at the Biological Control Laboratory of the Technical Implementation Unit for Food Crops and Horticultural Plant Protection, East Java. The research was conducted from January to April 2025 through bacterial isolation using the serial dilution method and fungal isolation using the baiting method, followed by macroscopic and microscopic observations as well as physiological and biochemical tests. The results showed that two soil bacterial isolates were obtained, in which one isolate was suspected to be Bacillus sp. with potential as a biological control agent, while the other isolate showed no potential as a biological control agent. A bacterial isolate initially suspected as Bacillus thuringiensis was not identified as an entomopathogenic bacterium based on physiological and biochemical tests. Fungal exploration resulted in isolates suspected as Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus sp
Copyright (c) 2026 Dyah Putri Yudha Yanti, Wiwin Misnati Nur Indahsari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KONDISI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN PULAU TUNDA, BANTEN
A study on the condition of coral reef ecosystems was conducted at four observation sites in the waters of Tunda Island, Banten Province. This research aimed to collect data on the percentage cover of live hard corals, the number of coral colonies, the relative dominance of corals based on percentage cover and colony abundance, coral distribution, and the number and composition of coral species in the waters of Tunda Island. The study was designed to determine the percentage of coral cover and the overall condition of the coral reef ecosystem. The observation method used was the Line Intercept Transect method. The results showed that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem at the study sites, based on live hard coral cover, was categorized as moderate. The site with the highest coral cover was Timur (37.9%), while the lowest was Utara 1 (26%). A total of eight coral species were recorded, representing four families and six genera. Three species had the widest distribution: Goniastrea sp., Acropora nobilis, and Montipora capricornis. The species that most dominated based on percentage cover was Goniastrea sp. (relative dominance based on cover, DRt = 37.01%). This species also dominated in terms of colony abundance (relative dominance based on colonies, DRk = 70.9%). The highest similarity index was found between Utara 1 and Utara 3 (93%). Timur had the highest species richness, with seven species recorded. Utara 1 had the highest heterogeneity index (H’ = 1.62) and also the highest evenness index (J = 0.90).
Copyright (c) 2026 Husnul Amalia, Gema Ikrar Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUASI KINERJA TRANSPLANTASI Acropora Sp. MENGGUNAKAN RAK BESI PADA KONDISI HIDRODINAMIKA MUSON DI GOSONG KALANGAN, LAMPUNG
Coral reef ecosystems in Gosong Kalangan waters are experiencing degradation, thereby requiring effective rehabilitation efforts, one of which is coral transplantation of Acropora sp. using artificial media in the form of iron racks. This study aimed to analyze the survival rate and growth rate of Acropora sp. fragments transplanted using this method. The research was conducted as a field experiment employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) over a six-month period (July to December 2025) at a depth of approximately ±4 meters. The main parameters observed were survival rate and linear growth of coral fragments. The results showed a decline in survival rate from 100% in the first month to 56% at the end of the observation period. In contrast, the surviving fragments exhibited an increase in average length from 9.4 cm to 14.64 cm (total growth of 5.39 cm), with a mean growth rate of 0.898 cm per month. The decrease in survival rate was presumably influenced by biotic pressure in the form of predation by Drupella sp., as well as abiotic disturbances related to hydrodynamic factors and monsoonal waves affecting the stability of the transplantation racks. The iron rack method was able to support the growth rate of Acropora sp. fragments; however, its effectiveness in maintaining survival is highly dependent on the stability of local environmental conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dzulfikar Yusuf Priyanatha, Royani, Nugraha, Az Zahra, Simatupang, Mutia, Farid, Armando, Priyanto, Afifi, Nayla, Priyambodo, Taufik, Siringo-ringo, Manik, Azzaid, Master, Ikhsanudin, Fathiyya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI SEMANGKA DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING AGRIBISNIS
Watermelon farming is a horticultural commodity with high economic value and strong market potential. This study aims to analyze the development strategy of watermelon farming to enhance agribusiness competitiveness at the Practice Garden of the Faculty of Food Technology, Agriculture and Fisheries, Universitas Nusa Nipa. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a SWOT analysis approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the business position is in quadrant I (SO), indicating strong internal strengths and external opportunities. Recommended strategies include utilizing fertile land, skilled labor, applying cultivation technology, and strengthening marketing to improve agribusiness competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Agustina Dua Nona, Fiator Nong, Sarlina Noni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (METASYNTHESIS) PENGARUH PJBL TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN SISWA
Student activity in the process of teaching and learning activities can be seen from the learning methods carried out. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of PJBL on student activity. The research method used in writing this literature review is systematic review meta synthesis, which is a qualitative technique used to combine similar primary data to obtain a new understanding of the problem at hand. This research aims to examine the results of previous studies, in order to determine the effect of PjBL on student activity. The data source used was taken from an online data bank with the keyword "Project Based Learning on student activity." The articles obtained were selected using specified criteria, and after screening 20 reference articles were obtained. The data banks used are Google Scholar, and Neliti. Based on a systematic meta synthesis review, it is clear that there is an influence between the PjBL learning model on student activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadillah NR Siahaan, Muhyiatul Fadilah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection of Salmonella spp. Contamination in Chicken Meat Samples Using the SNI ISO 6579-1:2017 Method
Salmonella spp. is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for foodborne diseases and is commonly found in poultry products, particularly chicken meat. This study aimed to detect and identify Salmonella spp. contamination in chicken meat samples tested at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (Kesmavet) DKI Jakarta and to evaluate the results as a basis for food safety assessment. The examination was conducted using a standardized microbiological method based on SNI ISO 6579-1:2017, which includes pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, isolation on selective media, biochemical testing, and serological confirmation using polyvalent O and H antisera. Identification was determined based on specific agglutination reactions between bacterial antigens and antisera. The results demonstrated that the applied procedure was able to accurately detect the presence of Salmonella spp. in accordance with laboratory standards. Routine microbiological surveillance is essential to control contamination risks and improve the safety of animal-derived food products in order to protect public health.
Kata Kunci : Keamanan Pangan, Mikroba Patogen, Pengujian Mikrobiologi
Ngakan Putu Agung Dharma Pratama Pratama
Copyright (c) 2026 Vika Aulia Royani, Priyanatha, Sitorus, Pratama, Adhiak, Aliyah, Busman, Priyambodo, Ikhsanudin, Master https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS KONTAMINASI JAMUR PADA KUNYIT GILING CURAH DI PASAR LUBUK BUAYA KOTA PADANG
Keamanan pangan sangat penting untuk melindungi kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya untuk produk pangan yang rentan terhadap kontaminasi mikroba. Kunyit bubuk curah yang dijual di pasar tradisional berisiko terkontaminasi jamur karena praktik penanganan yang tidak higienis, yang dapat mengurangi kualitas produk dan menimbulkan bahaya kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kontaminasi jamur pada kunyit bubuk curah yang dijual di Pasar Lubuk Buaya, Kota Padang, dan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik makroskopis jamur yang tumbuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Oktober 2025 hingga Januari 2026 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Padang. Desain penelitian deskriptif digunakan dengan metode pengambilan sampel purposif. Sampel kunyit bubuk curah dipilih dan dikumpulkan dari lima pedagang dengan tingkat kebersihan yang berbeda. Kontaminasi jamur dinilai menggunakan metode penghitungan kapang dan ragi (MYC) dengan teknik spread plate pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), diikuti dengan pengamatan makroskopis morfologi koloni jamur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel kunyit bubuk curah terkontaminasi jamur, dengan tingkat kontaminasi berkisar antara 2,67 × 10⁵ hingga 2,9 × 10⁶ CFU/g. Semua sampel melebihi batas maksimum yang diizinkan untuk kontaminasi mikroba sebagaimana ditetapkan oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Indonesia (BPOM). Jamur kontaminan yang diidentifikasi meliputi Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium sp., dan ragi. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kunyit bubuk curah yang dijual di Pasar Lubuk Buaya, Kota Padang, tidak memenuhi standar keamanan pangan mikrobiologis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulia Putri Azzahra, Dezi Handayani, Moralita Chatri, Irdawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adaptasi Struktur Histologi Insang Ikan pada Berbagai Kondisi Lingkungan: Kajian Literatur
Gills are vital organs in fish that function in respiration, osmoregulation, and ionic balance, making them highly sensitive to variations in environmental habitat conditions. Differences in water characteristics, such as water quality, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and pollution levels, affect the structure and histological condition of the gills. This article aims to critically review and synthesize the structure and histological adaptations of fish gills in response to differences in habitat conditions through a literature review approach of reputable national and international publications. The results of the synthesis indicate that variations in environmental conditions trigger distinctive histological changes, including epithelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy, increased mucus and chloride cells, secondary lamella fusion, edema, and changes in vascularization, which reflect physiological adaptation mechanisms as well as early indicators of structural disorders due to environmental stress. Thus, the histological characteristics of fish gills have high potential to be used as biological biomarkers in assessing the quality of aquatic habitats and the health of aquatic ecosystems, as well as as a basis for the development of sustainable environmental biomonitoring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bismi Rahma Firna, Sandi Fransisco Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA BAKTERI ENDOFIT (Pseudomonas Berfluoresen) DARI AKAR PISANG BUAI (Musa x paradisiaca L.)
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi remain a global health problem, particularly due to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for effective alternative antimicrobial sources. Endophytic bacteria, especially fluorescent Pseudomonas, are known to produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial and antifungal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from the roots of banana buai (Musa × paradisiaca L.) and to identify isolates with the highest activity. This experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using 44 isolates with three replications. Antimicrobial activity was tested in vitro using the spot inoculation method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The observed parameter was the diameter of the inhibition zone, which was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that antimicrobial activity varied among isolates and was specific to the test microorganisms. Isolate PFPB 32 exhibited the highest activity against E. coli and S. aureus, while isolate PFPB 300 showed the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans. These findings indicate that endophytic fluorescent Pseudomonas from banana buai roots have potential as a source of antimicrobial agents, particularly antifungal agents against Candida albicans
Copyright (c) 2026 Astrid, Dwi Hilda Putri, Dezi Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE BERBANTUAN MEDIA 3D PRINTING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 7 LUWU
The lack of varied learning models and media has an impact on students' interest, understanding, enthusiasm, and activeness, resulting in low critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the effect of the Example Non Example learning model assisted by 3D Printing media on the critical thinking skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 7 Luwu. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental and the design form is a non-equivalent control group design. The sample used in this study were students of class XI MIPA.2 as the experimental class and XI MIPA.3 as the control class. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The instrument used in the study was a critical thinking ability test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis test obtained pretest results of 38,7% in the low category and 61,3% in the medium category. While the posttest results obtained 90,3% in the medium category and 9,7% in the high category. The results of the inferential analysis using the t-test obtained a Sig value (2-tailed) of 0,001<0,05. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Example Non-Example learning model assisted by 3D Printing media has an effect on the critical thinking skills of 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 7 Luwu.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asmar Sap Sofyan, Fitrah Al Anshori, Sukmawati Syam, Nur Muhajirah Yunus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF ECTA-T AND EMIS-T WITH A COMBINATION OF THREE-TIER AND CERTAINTY RESPONSE INDEX METHODS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPT
Environmental pollution is a problem that often occurs in the environment where we live, and requires the ability to think creatively to be able to solve it. The ability to think creatively in solving environmental problems is determined by their knowledge related to ecology. Therefore this study aims to create an instrument that can measure students' misconceptions (EMis-T) in ecological material and an instrument that can measure students' creative thinking skills (ECTA-T) in solving environmental problems. The research was conducted with reference to the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Borg & Gall (2003) development model which was modified into four development steps, including: (1) Preliminary study stage; (2) Development stage; (3) validation and trial stage; (4) Application Stage. The type of instrument developed is in the form of an essay type written test by combining the three tier test type and certainty response index. The objects that were used as targets for the development of this instrument were class X senior high school. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that the product that has been developed has valid criteria, medium high reliable value, no discriminating power which has a negative value, and questions that have an easy level of difficulty do not dominate, so this product can be used by educators to measure creative thinking skills and students' misconceptions about environmental material. The identified level of students' creative thinking ability was dominated by students in the high category. While the level of students' misconceptions that were identified were dominated by students in the low category.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Rizkiyah Rizkiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEANEKARAGAMAN KEPITING BIOLA (Uca SPP.) DI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE TONGKE- TONGKE SINJAI TIMUR KABUPATEN SINJAI
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keanekaragaman kepiting biola (Uca spp.) di kawasan mangrove Tongke-Tongke, Sinjai Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di empat stasiun pengamatan menggunakan pengamatan langsung yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik pengambilan sampel bertujuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tiga spesies kepiting biola, yaitu Uca rosea, Uca perplexa, dan Uca jocelynae, yang tersebar tidak merata di seluruh stasiun pengamatan. Analisis indeks ekologi menunjukkan keanekaragaman spesies yang rendah di Stasiun I (H' = 1,07) dengan keseragaman yang tinggi (E = 0,97), sedangkan Stasiun II juga menunjukkan keanekaragaman yang rendah (H' = 0,61) tetapi dengan keseragaman yang sedang (E = 0,55). Tidak ditemukan kepiting biola di Stasiun III dan IV, yang terletak di dekat permukiman penduduk dan kawasan ekowisata. Parameter lingkungan yang diukur meliputi suhu (29,96–30,94 °C), pH (7,4–7,5), salinitas (26,5–27,6‰), oksigen terlarut (DO; 5,29–6,0 mg/L), dan jenis substrat mulai dari lempung berpasir hingga lempung liat berpasir. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kepiting biola dapat berfungsi sebagai bioindikator kesehatan ekosistem mangrove, dengan distribusinya sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik substrat dan kondisi lingkungan, terutama di daerah yang mengalami gangguan antropogenik minimal.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Muspa, Mawadda Turrahmi, Nurman, Syarif Hidayat Amrullah, Rihlaeni Duha A. Baso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERAN ORGANISME SESSILE SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR MIKROPLASTIK DI EKOSISTEM PESISIR: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Microplastics have emerged as pervasive contaminants in coastal ecosystems and can accumulate in sessile organisms, particularly bivalves, through filtration mechanisms. This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on microplastic concentration, characteristics, polymer types, and identification methods in sessile organisms using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Literature selection was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, with inclusion criteria limited to primary research articles published between 2015 and 2025. The synthesis results indicate that microplastics are consistently detected in sessile organisms, with concentrations varying among species and locations. Fibers represent the dominant microplastic shape, followed by fragments, while particle sizes are generally within smaller microplastic classes that exhibit high bioavailability. The most frequently identified polymer types include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), suggesting predominantly anthropogenic sources associated with domestic and fisheries-related activities. Across all reviewed studies, microplastic identification was primarily performed using spectroscopic techniques, particularly Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and its variants, which enable accurate polymer determination. Overall, this review highlights the potential of sessile organisms as effective bioindicators of microplastic pollution in coastal environments and underscores the need for standardized analytical methods to improve data comparability across studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Feby Nasty, Sandi Fransisco Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Z Analisa Keandalan Turbin Uap Dengan Penerapan Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Dan 4 Disipline Of Execution Di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
A steam turbine is an energy conversion machine whose converted energy is used by other machines to generate power. This study aims to analyze the reliability of turbine engines using the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) method and the 4 Disciplines of Execution (4DX). In this study, TPM was used to identify various major causes of production time loss, such as breakdowns, setup time, and loading time. Meanwhile, 4DX focuses on achieving key objectives through consistent and measurable actions, namely zero breakdowns and zero stagnation. The results of this study indicate that the Availability value is 98.69%, the Performance value is 98.14%, the Quality value is 99.74%, and the OEE value is 96.61%, which means that the turbine is in a reliable condition. In addition, 4DX plays a role in accelerating the achievement of improvement targets by providing a more focused approach, monitoring daily activities, and enhancing accountability. The research results indicate that the combination of these two methods is effective in improving turbine reliability, extending equipment lifespan, and fostering employee discipline. Keywords: Steam Turbine, Reliability, TPM, OEE, 4DX
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulham Effendi zulham, Siti Aisyah, Muhammad Bagas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Model Cooperative Learning dengan Metode Jigsaw terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPA dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia berbantuan Aplikasi Quizizz
Pendidikan adalah upaya untuk mengembangkan potensi yang ada dalam diri seseorang untuk menjadi manusia yang baik dan berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh model Cooperative Learning dengan metode Jigsaw berbantuan aplikasi Quizizz terhadap pemahaman konsep IPA dan motivasi belajar siswa kelas VIII pada materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia. Penelitian menggunakan metode pre-experimental dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 peserta didik kelas VIII D SMP Negeri 3 Maumere yang dipilih secara non-probability sampling. Pemahaman konsep diukur dengan tes pilihan ganda yang diberikan sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah (posttest) pembelajaran, sedangkan motivasi belajar diukur menggunakan angket skala Likert. Data dianalisis dengan uji normalitas dan paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada pemahaman konsep dan motivasi belajar setelah penggunaan model cooperative learning dengan metode Jigsaw berbantuan Quizizz. Dengan demikian, model ini efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPA dan motivasi belajar peserta didik.
Copyright (c) 2026 agnes yunita, Oktavius Yoseph Tuta Mago https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANGTUA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA: SEBUAH SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aimed at examining empirical evidence related to the influence of parenting styles on student learning motivation at various levels of education. The study subjects included elementary, secondary, and higher education students in international research. The research method is a literature study by collecting relevant references from scientific articles, research reports and relevant journal publications. Data collection techniques included identifying relevant articles using specific keywords, assessing study quality, and thematic coding. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively using narrative synthesis of selected research findings. The review results indicate that parenting styles, particularly authoritative/authoritative and responsive parenting styles, are positively correlated with student learning motivation, while highly authoritarian or permissive styles can have a less than optimal impact on student motivation. The implications of this research are important for the development of family interventions and educational policies that support parental involvement in children's learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wiwik Wiji Astuti, Andi Nurveryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN DIKOTIL DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
This study was motivated by the important role of campus green spaces in supporting plant biodiversity conservation. The aim of this research was to identify and describe the diversity of dicotyledonous plants on the campus of Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The research was conducted from November to December 2025 using a descriptive method. Data were collected through direct field observations by recording morphological characteristics of dicotyledonous plants, including growth habit, stems, leaves, and flowers. Plant identification was supported by the PlantNet application and relevant botanical literature. The data were analyzed descriptively by classifying species based on taxonomic levels. The results showed that all recorded plants belonged to the dicotyledonous group within the class Magnoliopsida, comprising 25 species, 22 genera, 14 families, and 10 orders. Dominant families included Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, and Combretaceae, which exhibit diverse ecological roles and benefits. In conclusion, the Universitas Negeri Padang campus supports a relatively high diversity of dicotyledonous plants and functions as an important habitat for plant biodiversity. This study is recommended as baseline data for green space management, further botanical research, and biology education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melani Domisofa, Moralita Chatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN ANGIOSPERMAE DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS FMIPA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
Angiosperms are a group of closed seed plants that have an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, especially in the campus environment that functions as a green open space. This study aims to know the diversity of Angiosperms found in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) Campus environment, Padang State University (UNP). The method used is direct observation with exploration techniques in several locations of the FMIPA campus. The data collected include local names, scientific names, families, and classifications of Angiosperms. The results of the observations show that the FMIPA UNP Campus environment has a fairly high diversity of Angiosperms, consisting of various monocot and dicot species originating from various families. This diversity is influenced by environmental conditions, management of campus green spaces, and the use of plants as ornamental plants, shade plants, and medicinal plants. The presence of Angiosperms in the campus environment plays an important role in supporting ecological, aesthetic, and educational functions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Khairani, Moralita Chatri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IKAN GARING (GENUS: Tor) SEBAGAI MODEL PENELITIAN HISTOLOGI IKAN AIR TAWAR: LITERATUR REVIEW
Histological analysis is a fundamental approach for understanding tissue structure and biological responses of freshwater fish to environmental and physiological conditions. The selection of an appropriate model organism is crucial to ensure accurate interpretation of histological findings. This literature review aims to evaluate the potential of freshwater fish from the genus Tor as a model organism for histological research. Secondary data were obtained from national and international scientific articles published between 2016 and 2024 that discuss histological and histopathological studies of freshwater fish, with a specific focus on genus Tor. Literature searches were conducted using Google Scholar, Garuda, and PubMed with relevant keywords. A total of five relevant articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed descriptively by comparing the organs examined, histological approaches applied, and major findings related to tissue structure. The reviewed studies indicate that histological investigations on Tor species have covered various organs, including gills, liver, digestive tract, muscle tissue, and larval structures. The results consistently demonstrate that tissue structures in genus Tor are clearly observable and responsive to environmental changes, physiological conditions, and developmental stages. Therefore, genus Tor shows strong potential as a model organism for freshwater fish histological studies, particularly in biomonitoring, environmental assessment, and fish health evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriella Jessica Agatha, Aulia Devani Putri, Sandi Fransisco Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENDEKATAN HISTOLOGI INSANG DAN HATI IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR KUALITAS PERAIRAN ALAMI DI INDONESIA: LITERATUR REVIEW
The quality of freshwater in Indonesia has declined due to increasing anthropogenic pressures, particularly from heavy metals, agricultural waste, and industrial waste. A bioindicator approach based on the biological response of aquatic organisms is needed to complement conventional water quality monitoring. This review article aims to examine changes in the histology of the gills and liver of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a bioindicator of freshwater quality in Indonesia. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles obtained from Google Scholar, Garuda, and ScienceDirect. Articles were selected based on the suitability of the research location in Indonesia, the use of tilapia as the object, and the histological analysis of the gills and/or liver. The results of the review show that water pollution in Indonesian lakes and rivers, especially by heavy metals and anthropogenic activities, consistently causes histological changes in the gills and liver of tilapia. The dominant lesions in the gills included hyperplasia, edema, lamella fusion, epithelial lifting, and telangiectasis, while in the liver, fatty degeneration, hydropic degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis were found. These patterns of change reflect the cause-and-effect relationship between the type and intensity of pollutants and the degree of tissue damage. These findings confirm that the histological approach to tilapia gills and liver has strong potential as a biological bioindicator in monitoring and sustainable management of freshwater quality in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandi Fransisco Pratama, Gabriella Jessica Agatha, Sandi Fransisco Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0