Jurnal Biogenerasi menyajikan artikel orisinal tentang pengetahuan dan informasi riset atau aplikasi riset dan pengembangan dalam bidang biologi dan pendidikan biologi. Bidang kajian Jurnal Biogenerasi meliputi hasil penelitian, uraian metode dan teknik inovasi penelitian serta ulasan/ tinjauan ilmiah mutakhir hasil penelitian dalam bidang di bidang Biologi, edukasi serta pengembangan IPTEK.
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Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) terhadap Laju Transmisi Uap Air dan Biodegradabilitas Edible Film Berbasis Eucheuma cottonii
Edible film berbasis rumput laut merupakan salah satu alternatif kemasan pangan ramah lingkungan yang berpotensi menggantikan plastik konvensional. Namun, karakter hidrofilik karagenan dari Eucheuma cottonii menyebabkan sifat barrier terhadap uap air masih relatif rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan minyak kelapa (Cocos nucifera) terhadap laju transmisi uap air dan biodegradabilitas edible film berbasis Eucheuma cottonii. Edible film dibuat menggunakan ekstrak rumput laut dengan variasi komposisi gliserol dan minyak kelapa, kemudian dikarakterisasi melalui pengujian laju transmisi uap air dan biodegradabilitas menggunakan metode soil burial test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai laju transmisi uap air edible film berada pada kisaran 0,0021–0,0032 g/cm²/jam. Perlakuan dengan perbandingan gliserol dan minyak kelapa 1:1 menghasilkan nilai laju transmisi uap air terendah, yaitu 0,0025 ± 0,0009 g/cm²/jam, yang mengindikasikan sifat barrier terhadap uap air lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Selain itu, seluruh sampel edible film mengalami biodegradasi sempurna dalam waktu tiga hari selama pengujian di dalam tanah. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak kelapa mampu meningkatkan sifat barrier terhadap uap air tanpa mengurangi kemampuan biodegradasi edible film, sehingga formulasi ini berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan kemasan pangan yang ramah lingkungan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurmalasari Ismail, Nirmala Febri, Hilda Rahmawati, Nurasia, Leni Kurniati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ETNOBOTANI TANAMAN OBAT TRADISIONAL PADA MASYARAKAT DESA SUKARAMAI KABUPATEN PAKPAK BARAT
Etonobotani adalah salah satu ilmu yang mempelajar hubungan antara manusia, lingkungan, dan tumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, menganalisis pemahaman masyarakat tentang penggunaan tanaman dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan komunal, termasuk kebutuhan kesehatan, adalah salah satu tujuannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis tanaman obat yang digunakan oleh penduduk Desa Sukaramai, Kecamatan Kerajaan, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat, serta untuk memahami bagaimana mereka menggunakan tanaman tersebut. Metode kuantitatif deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Wawancara adalah metode yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data. Sepuluh penduduk Desa Sukaramai, Kecamatan Kerajaan, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat, menjadi responden. Keluarga Zingiberaceae, yang mencakup tanaman jahe dan kunyit, adalah keluarga yang paling banyak digunakan oleh penduduk Desa Sukaramai, Kecamatan Kerajaan, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat, menurut grafik temuan penelitian. Batuk dan pilek menyumbang 37% dari gangguan yang diobati dengan tanaman obat di Desa Sukaramai, Kecamatan Kerajaan, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat, menurut wawancara responden. Gambir, kemenyan, tembakau, pinang, daun sirih, jerango, jeruk purut, kunyit, jahe, dan labu termasuk tanaman obat yang dapat ditemukan di Desa Sukaramai, Kecamatan Kerajaan, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat. Jenis penyakit berdasarkan data hasil penelitian diketahui masyarakat mengetahui tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan-tumbuhan apa saja yang dibutuhkan untuk mengobati penyakit yang mereka derita. Contohnya jenis penyakit yang di derita masyarakat, yaitu batuk dan pilek, radang gigi dan gusi, gangguan pencernaan, asam lambung.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laila Tinendung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ferns (Pteridophyta) Diversity in West Kalimantan: A Literature-Based Study
Indonesia is a tropical country that has a diversity of flora and fauna that must be preserved and developed, one of which is ferns. Ferns can grow well in open ground. With sufficient sunlight, acidity (pH) of 3.5–6.5, and temperature of 21-27°C, ferns can grow after forest fires or forests covered by tree canopies. West Kalimantan has a humid tropical climate, diverse habitats, nutrient-rich soil, dense forest canopy, lack of human disturbance, and complex natural ecological processes. Ferns grow and live in a variety of species in the forests of West Kalimantan. The approach used is a literature study, namely looking for primary sources or literature in the form of national and international journals in the previous decade (2014-2024). There are 16 families with 34 species. The most commonly found species come from the Polypodiaceae family. This article can be used as a source of information to support additional research on ferns.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rifki Aldiansyah, Syamswisna, Audiva Azhta Prameswari, Irvan Ariyansyah, Putri Anggini, Angel Acum Diarsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN KELAYAKAN USAHATANI JAGUNG KOMPOSIT VAR. LAMURU (Zea mays) DI KELOMPOK TANI HIBIR PLITI DI DESA WAIRBLELER KECAMATAN WAIGETE KABUPATEN SIKKA
This study aims to analyze total production costs, determine revenue and net income, and assess farming efficiency and sustainability using the R/C ratio. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, with purposive sampling for site selection and saturated sampling for respondents, involving all 21 members of the women farmer group. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the average total fixed cost was IDR 191,431 and the average total variable cost was IDR 5,277,714, resulting in a total production cost of IDR 5,469,145 per season. Total revenue amounted to IDR 6,190,470 from an average production of 952.38 kg sold at a price of IDR 6,500 per kg, generating a net profit of IDR 721,325 per season. The R/C ratio of 1.131 indicates that corn farming is efficient, profitable, and feasible. Further Break-Even Point (BEP) analysis supports these findings, showing a production BEP of 0.199 kg, a revenue BEP of IDR 1,293.70, and a price BEP of IDR 5,742.560 per kg. Overall, this study concludes that corn farming is financially sound and suitable for continuation
Copyright (c) 2026 Fiator Nong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH METODE PERENDAMAN TERHADAP KUALITAS TEPUNG SORGUM MERAH DAN SORGUM PUTIH
This study aimed to determine the quality of red sorghum and white sorghum flour after different soaking treatments. The study employed a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the soaking medium (distilled water, Na₂CO₃, and rice husk ash solution), while the second factor was the sorghum type (white sorghum and red sorghum), resulting in six treatment combinations with four replications each. The flour quality parameters observed included moisture content, fat content, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, amylose content, amylopectin content, protein digestibility, tannin content, and phytic acid content. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of α = 0.05, followed by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at α = 0.05. The results showed that both the soaking treatment and sorghum type significantly affected the moisture, fat, ash, protein, carbohydrate, amylose, amylopectin, protein digestibility, tannin, and phytic acid contents of sorghum flour. The best sorghum flour quality, as indicated by the greatest reduction in antinutritional factors, was obtained from the Na₂CO₃ soaking treatment using white sorghum. The best-quality flour had a moisture content of 8.42%, fat content of 2.83%, ash content of 0.78%, protein content of 8.16%, carbohydrate content of 78.84%, amylose content of 17.33%, amylopectin content of 53.01%, protein digestibility of 54.28%, tannin content of 0.14%, and phytic acid content of 0.21%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marningsih Doko Patty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRATEGI MANAJEMEN KELAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi manajemen kelas terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada beberapa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di Kota Medan, yaitu MAN 1 Medan, MAN 3 Medan, SMK Telkom Medan, MAPN 4 Medan, serta MAN Insan Cendekia Aceh Timur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif korelasional. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran angket kepada siswa sebagai responden. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi manajemen kelas yang diterapkan guru melalui perencanaan pembelajaran, pengorganisasian kelas, kepemimpinan guru, dan evaluasi pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Pengelolaan kelas yang efektif menciptakan suasana belajar yang kondusif, tertib, nyaman, dan interaktif sehingga siswa lebih aktif dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan boarding school dan sekolah umum memiliki karakteristik pengelolaan kelas yang berbeda, namun keduanya sama-sama membutuhkan strategi pengelolaan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, guru diharapkan mampu mengembangkan kompetensi manajemen kelas secara optimal agar tercipta lingkungan belajar yang mendukung perkembangan potensi siswa secara maksimal.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hilda Rahmadani Harahap, Dwita Hasanah S, Novi Dwi Komala, Nazhifa Zhafira Zea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biology Education Students' Perceptions of Laboratory Practicum Implementation and Practicum Report Preparation at Muhammadiyah University of Luwuk
This study aimed to describe the perceptions of Biology Education students at Muhammadiyah University of Luwuk regarding the implementation of laboratory practicum activities and practicum report writing. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed using a total sampling technique involving 75 students from the second, fourth, and sixth semesters. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire that had been confirmed to be valid and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.826). The data were analyzed descriptively using mean scores and score interpretation categories. The results revealed that students’ perceptions of laboratory practicum implementation yielded a mean score of 2.70, while perceptions of practicum report writing yielded a mean score of 2.77, both categorized as positive. Overall, the students’ perceptions recorded a mean score of 2.80. Students in the sixth semester demonstrated the highest perception scores compared to those in lower semesters. These findings indicate that laboratory practicum activities and practicum report writing were perceived positively by students and contributed to supporting the learning process in Biology Education.
Student perceptions, laboratory practicum, practicum report writing
Copyright (c) 2026 Alwia Samaduri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Perbandingan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) dan Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) Sebagai Indikator Identifikasi Boraks Pada Makanan
This study aimed to analyze and compare the effectiveness of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extract and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract as natural indicators for detecting borax in food samples. The research used a laboratory experimental method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Food samples tested included sausages, ketupat, lontong, white tofu, crackers, siomay, meatballs, cilok, pempek, nuggets, white noodles, and yellow noodles. The testing process was conducted by dripping dragon fruit peel extract and turmeric extract onto each sample and observing the resulting color changes. The results showed that most samples tested negative for borax, while meatballs and yellow noodles indicated positive results. The color change in turmeric to reddish-brown occurred due to the reaction between curcumin and borax, while dragon fruit peel extract changed color because anthocyanin pigments are sensitive to pH changes. The findings indicate that both natural materials can be used as simple, inexpensive, safe, and effective natural indicators for the qualitative preliminary detection of borax in food. However, further quantitative testing is needed to obtain more accurate results.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Purba, Eka Setiawan, Emon Sejahtera Zendrato, Grecia Trinatal Simbolon, Kania Restya Diva, Larasati Arum Utami, Rejeki Sihite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN AWAL PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL MATTOANA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI DAN KREATIVITAS SAINS PESERTA DIDIK
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan awal pengembangan model pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berbasis kearifan lokal Mattoana untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi dan kreativitas sains peserta didik. Studi pendahuluan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tuntutan pembelajaran abad ke-21, kebutuhan implementasi pembelajaran yang responsif terhadap keragaman peserta didik, serta pentingnya integrasi kearifan lokal dalam pembelajaran biologi agar pembelajaran lebih kontekstual dan bermakna. Dalam artikel ini, Mattoana dipahami sebagai praktik budaya masyarakat Bugis-Makassar di Sulawesi Selatan dalam menyambut dan menjamu tamu di rumah, baik tamu yang datang karena suatu kepentingan maupun tamu yang diundang secara khusus. Nilai-nilai Mattoana meliputi kebersamaan, penghormatan, gotong royong, tanggung jawab, kepedulian, dan penghargaan kepada tamu. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif sebagai analisis kebutuhan awal. Subjek penelitian adalah 100 peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Pangkep pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2024/2025. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes uraian yang terdiri atas soal kemampuan komunikasi dan soal kreativitas sains. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif berupa frekuensi dan persentase berdasarkan kategori sangat baik, baik, cukup, kurang, dan sangat kurang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi peserta didik dominan berada pada kategori kurang sebesar 37%, disusul kategori cukup sebesar 35%, sangat kurang sebesar 25%, dan baik sebesar 3%, tanpa peserta didik pada kategori sangat baik. Kreativitas sains peserta didik juga dominan berada pada kategori kurang sebesar 45%, disusul cukup sebesar 30% dan sangat kurang sebesar 25%, tanpa peserta didik pada kategori baik dan sangat baik. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya kebutuhan mendesak untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berbasis kearifan lokal Mattoana yang mampu mengakomodasi perbedaan kesiapan, minat, dan profil belajar peserta didik, sekaligus mendorong komunikasi ilmiah dan kreativitas sains melalui konteks budaya menyambut dan menjamu tamu yang dekat dengan kehidupan sosial peserta didik.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rostina, Ismail, Andi Asmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IDENTIFIKASI PREVALENSI DAN INTENSITAS EKTOPARASIT DAN ENDOPARASIT PADA BELUT SAWAH (Monopterus albus)
This study aimed to identify the types of ectoparasites and endoparasites infecting swamp eels (Monopterus albus). The research used a descriptive method with purposive sampling technique on 40 swamp eels collected from two different locations. Parasite examination was conducted microscopically using Semichen-Acetic Carmine staining. The results showed two types of ectoparasites, namely Ornithodorus sp. and Clinostomum sp., and three types of endoparasites, namely Diphyllobothrium sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, and Clinostomum sp. The prevalence and intensity of parasite infections varied among samples. This study concluded that environmental conditions and water sanitation influence parasite infections in swamp eels, therefore monitoring of eel consumption safety is necessary.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ridho Sya’rawi, Efrida Pima Sari Tambunan, Syukriah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Keanekaragaman Jenis Mangrove Di Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Kota Tarakan
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis mangrove yang tumbuh di Kawasan Konservasi Hutan Mangrove Kota Tarakan. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling dengan cara menarik garis transek mengarah tegak lurus dari garis Pantai ke arah darat dan pertimbangan kerapatan vegetasi dengan pengampilan sampel dilakukan pada 3 stasiun. Hasil penelitian tentang keanekaragaman jenis mangrove yang tumbuh di Kawasan Konservasi Kota Tarakan menunjukkan bahwa jenis mangrove yang ditemukan sebanyak 7 jenis dan yang paling dominan adalah jenis mangrove Rhizophora Appiculata. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa indeks keanekaragaman Jenis Mangrove di Kawasan Konservasi Hutan Mangrove dan Bekantan Di Kota Tarakan sebesar 1<H’≤1.8276 yang berarti tergolong kedalam kriteria sedang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suang Andi Palimbong, Raflen Aril Gerungan, Subekti Nurmawati, Elizabeth Novi Kusumaningrum, Mustaking https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Keanekaragaman Isolat Bakteri Rizosfer Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Tanah Masam di Kabupaten Maros
This study aimed to the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial isolates associated with maize (Zea mays L.) cultivated in acidic soils of Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Acidic soils characterized by low pH and limited nutrients, but the ability of microorganisms can adapt according to their habitat. However, microorganisms, particularly rhizosphere bacteria, exhibit remarkable adaptability to such conditions. The research employed serial dilution and culture on Nutrient Agar (NA) media to isolate bacteria from rhizosphere soil samples. A total of 14 bacterial isolates were toward will different morphological characteristics. All bacterial isolates found are Gram-positive bacteria. The findings reveal a high diversity of rhizosphere bacterial isolates, suggesting their potential role in enhancing plant growth as biofertilizers. Further research is necessary to evaluate the physiological and molecular potential of these bacterial isolates in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and the production of plant growth hormones. Additionally, exploring the potential application of these bacteria as biocontrol agents or biofertilizers could contribute to improving maize productivity in acidic soils
Copyright (c) 2025 Akhmad Syakur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KARAKTERISASI ISOLAT BAKTERI RIZOSFER JAGUNG HIBRIDA (Zea mays L.) PADA TANAH MASAM
Acidic soil is one of the major constraints in maize cultivation because low soil pH can increase the solubility of Al and Fe, inhibit root growth, and reduce nutrient availability, particularly phosphorus. Rhizosphere bacteria have the potential to support plant growth through various mechanisms; therefore, the exploration of local bacterial isolates from acidic soil environments is important. This study aimed to isolate and characterize rhizosphere bacteria associated with hybrid maize grown in acidic soil in Moncongloe Village, Maros Regency. Bacterial isolation was carried out using serial dilution and cultivation on Nutrient Agar (NA) medium, followed by colony purification and characterization based on colony morphology, Gram reaction using 3% KOH, and catalase activity using 3% H₂O₂. The results showed that 14 bacterial isolates were obtained from maize rhizosphere samples for further characterization. All isolates showed a Gram-positive reaction, while the catalase test revealed that 11 isolates (78.57%) were catalase-positive and 3 isolates (21.43%) were catalase-negative. Differences in morphological and basic biochemical characteristics indicate the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial isolates capable of growing under acidic soil conditions. These isolates have the potential to serve as local microbial candidates for biofertilizer development; however, further studies are required to evaluate their PGPR functional traits, biosafety, and molecular identification.
Perkembangan Sistem Organ Platyhelmintes (Cacing Pipih)
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) are simple triploblastic animals that represent an important stage in the evolution of organ systems. This article discusses the development, organization, and adaptation of organ systems in major classes of Platyhelminthes, including Turbellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda. Using a literature review method, the study examines the morphology and physiology of flatworms based on scientific journals and biology references. The results show that although Platyhelminthes lack specialized circulatory and respiratory systems, they possess functional digestive, excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems. Their body organization reflects an early stage of organ system specialization in invertebrates, making them an important model for understanding animal evolution, adaptation, and biological complexity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fela Rahmadiyanti, Fira Nur Fatimah, Luthfi Dhia Putri, Jodion Siburian, Afreni Hamidah, Desfaur Natalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF PHYTOPLANKTON AS BIOINDICATORS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE ANDALAS RIVER, SELUMA DISTRICT
The Andalas River is located in Seluma Regency, Bengkulu Province and is used by the community as a source of raw water for PDAM, however, river rock mining activities, waste disposal by rubber factories, and water extraction have the potential to reduce the water quality of the Andalas River. This research aims to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton as a bioindicator of water quality in the Andalas River. Sampling was carried out in March-April 2026 at three stations using a purposive sampling method using a plankton net, then analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), uniformity (E), and dominance (C). The research results found 51 types of phytoplankton from 8 divisions, namely Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Charophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta, Ochrophyta, and Cryptophyta, with the most dominant division being Bacillariophyta. The highest diversity and abundance was found at Station 1 (32 species; 286 individuals/L; H' = 3.323), followed by Station 2 (28 species; 137 individuals/L; H' = 2.986), and Station 3 (23 species; 105 individuals/L; H' = 0.177). The dominance index values ​​for the three stations are close to 0, indicating that there are no species that dominate excessively. Water quality varies from good condition (Station 1), moderately polluted (Station 2), to heavily polluted (Station 3). Physico-chemical parameters in the form of pH, temperature and DO show that river conditions are still within the range that supports phytoplankton life.
bioindicator, phytoplankton, diversity index, abundance, water quality, Andalas River
Copyright (c) 2026 Igusti Nesa Kusuma, Najwa Henggellina, Dewi Erliani, Markus Wahyu Dinata Manurung, Abdul Rahman, Rita Rahmayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KARAKTERISTIK MIKROPLASTIK PADA BERBAGAI JENIS IKAN PESISIR PANTAI KOTA BENGKULU
Microplastic pollution in the coastal areas of Bengkulu City continues to rise due to human activities and has the potential to contaminate marine organisms, including edible fish. This study aims to identify the shapes and colors of microplastics in water samples and various types of coastal fish at Kualo Beach, Batu Tahu Beach, and Berkas Beach in Bengkulu City. The study was conducted from February to May 2026 using a quantitative descriptive method involving destruction, filtration, and microscopic observation. The results showed that five forms of microplastics were identified: fibers, fragments, films, foams, and pellets. The most dominant form of microplastic was fibers, while the most commonly found colors were red, blue, and black. The presence of microplastics is suspected to originate from fishing activities, household waste, and beach tourism litter. These findings indicate that the coastal waters of Bengkulu City have been contaminated with microplastics, which can impact marine organisms and human health through the food chain.
: Microplastics, Microplastic Color, Microplastic Shape, Coastal Fish
Copyright (c) 2026 Nabil Muhtaram Hibatullah, Tarus Mania, Emelia Andani, Mawar Sartika, Rita Rahmayanti, Abdul Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS FECAL COLIFORM PADA AIR LIMBAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE MOST PROBABLE NUMBER (MPN)
Domestic wastewater has the potential to pollute the environment because it contains pathogenic microorganisms, including fecal coliform bacteria as indicators of biological contamination. This study aimed to determine the presence of fecal coliform in wastewater samples using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The research was conducted from February 2 to February 6, 2026, at the Public Health Laboratory Center (BLKM) Medan. The study used a descriptive method with a five-tube MPN technique through presumptive testing using Lauryl Tryptose Broth (LTB) medium and confirmed testing using EC Broth referring to EPA Method 1680. The results showed variations in fecal coliform MPN values in each wastewater sample. Samples AL8, AL9, AL11, and AL12 showed the highest MPN value of >1600 MPN/100 mL, while samples AL1, AL2, and AL6 showed the lowest MPN value of <1.8 MPN/100 mL. The MPN method using LTB and EC Broth media was effective in detecting fecal coliform contamination in wastewater samples.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Nabila Nabila, Endang Sulistyarini Gultom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Coliform Pada Sampel Air Limbah Menggunakan Metode Most Probable Number
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberadaan bakteri coliform pada sampel air limbah menggunakan metode Most Probable Number (MPN). Air limbah yang tidak diolah dengan baik berpotensi menjadi sumber pencemaran lingkungan dan penyebaran mikroorganisme patogen. Digunakann media Lauryl Tryptose Broth (LTB) pada uji pendugaan dan Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth (BGLB) pada uji penegasan. Sebanyak 15 sampel air limbah dianalisis untuk menentukan jumlah bakteri coliform. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar sampel terkontaminasi bakteri coliform dengan nilai MPN yang bervariasi antara <1,8 hingga >1600 MPN/100 mL. Beberapa sampel menunjukkan tingkat pencemaran yang sangat tinggi, sedangkan beberapa lainnya tidak terdeteksi mengandung coliform. Perbedaan tingkat pencemaran dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sanitasi, kandungan bahan organik, suhu, dan karakteristik sumber limbah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar sampel belum memenuhi standar kualitas mikrobiologis sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan limbah yang lebih baik.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deka Wira Pratama, Endang Sulistyarini Gultom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Cemaran Salmonella pada Makanan dengan Metode Compact Dry melalui Media Buffered Peptone Water
Keamanan pangan merupakan aspek krusial dalam menjaga kesehatan masyarakat dari penyakit bawaan makanan (foodborne disease) akibat kontaminasi bakteri patogen seperti Salmonella sp. pada berbagai tahapan pangan, khususnya produk hewani yang tidak diproses secara higienis. Infeksi bakteri Gram negatif ini dapat menyebabkan salmonellosis dengan gejala gangguan pencernaan hingga komplikasi serius pada kelompok rentan, sehingga pemeriksaan mikrobiologi pangan sangat penting untuk melindungi konsumen. Dalam analisisnya, tahap pra-pengkayaan (pre-enrichment) menggunakan media cair non-selektif Buffer Peptone Water (BPW) menjadi langkah awal yang sangat vital untuk memulihkan sel bakteri yang stres atau rusak akibat pengolahan, sekaligus meningkatkan sensitivitas deteksinya. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membahas prosedur pemeriksaan Salmonella sp. pada sampel makanan serta teknik pembuatan media BPW. Melalui pemahaman metode ini, diharapkan pengetahuan mengenai pengujian mikrobiologi pangan dapat meningkat sebagai upaya preventif terhadap kontaminasi bakteri pada makanan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Valdo Rekson Nainggolan, Endang Sulistyarini Gultom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH AIR SUMUR DAN AIR SABUN TERHADAP AKTIVITAS MITOSIS SEL AKAR BAWANG (Allium cepa L.
Mitosis is a cell division process that plays an important role in plant growth. This study aimed to determine the effect of well water and soapy water on the mitotic activity of onion root cells (Allium cepa L.). This research used a descriptive observational method through laboratory practicum with onion roots as the research object. Data were collected through direct observation using a light microscope on mitotic phases of onion root preparations stained with acetocarmine. The results showed that well water produced better root growth and mitotic activity than soapy water. The phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase were more clearly observed in the well water treatment, while fewer dividing cells and damaged tissues were found in the soapy water treatment. It can be concluded that soapy water has a negative effect on the mitotic activity of onion root cells.
Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Yopie Daniel Siregar Siagian, Siti Annisa Kusbama, Khory Aulia, Nazla Suhaila Parinduri, Santi Dameana Habeahan, Larasati Arum Utami, Hestia Hairima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS ONLINE LEARNING BERBANTUAN E-BOOK INTERAKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF
Digital transformation in education encourages the integration of technology in science learning to support the development of 21st-century skills, one of which is creative thinking skills. This study aimed to determine the improvement of students’ creative thinking skills through the implementation of science learning assisted by an interactive e-book on the subtopic of Nutrition in Food. This study employed a pre-experimental research design using the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research sample consisted of 23 eighth-grade students of SMP Piri 1 Yogyakarta selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using an essay-based creative thinking skills test covering the aspects of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis with n-gain calculation. The results showed that the implementation of science learning assisted by an interactive e-book was able to improve students’ creative thinking skills. The n-gain results indicated that 3 students were categorized as high and 20 students were categorized as moderate. Improvements also occurred in each aspect of creative thinking skills, namely fluency by 30.5%, flexibility by 18.9%, originality by 26.1%, and elaboration by 22.3%. The use of interactive e-books in science learning was able to create a more engaging, interactive, and flexible learning experience, thereby supporting the development of students’ creative thinking skills.
science learning; online learning; interactive e-book; creative thinking skills; digital learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Rahmah Sangkala, Musawwir Usman, Akhmad Syakur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Cemaran Escherichia coli pada Sampel Makanan Menggunakan Metode Compact Dry
Food safety is a critical aspect of protecting public health from foodborne diseases caused by microbiological contamination, with Escherichia coli serving as a key indicator of food hygiene and sanitation. This study aimed to analyze Escherichia coli contamination in food samples using the Compact Dry method and to evaluate its compliance with food safety standards. A descriptive method with a quantitative approach was employed on 20 food samples, which were tested using Compact Dry EC and incubated at 36 ± 0.5°C for 21 ± 2 hours. The results were expressed in CFU/g and compared with the standards set by SNI 7388:2009. The findings showed that 45% of the samples were positive for Escherichia coli, with contamination levels ranging from <1 to 1.25 × 10³ CFU/g, while 55% were negative. All positive samples did not meet food safety standards. Contamination was likely due to poor hygiene and sanitation practices, including cross-contamination during food processing and handling. The Compact Dry method proved to be effective, practical, and efficient for detecting Escherichia coli. These findings indicate that microbiological contamination in food remains a concern, highlighting the need to improve hygiene and sanitation practices to ensure food safety.
Endang Sulistyarini Gultom Endang Sulistyarini Gultom
Copyright (c) 2026 Warda Amalia, Dr. Endang Sulistyarini Gultom S.Si., M.Si., Apt https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluasi Ekstrak Bunga Asoka sebagai Indikator Alami Deteksi Boraks pada Sampel Makanan Olahan
Borax is a prohibited food additive but is still found in processed foods in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate Saraca asoca leaf extract as a natural indicator for borax detection. The extract was prepared using 70% ethanol and tested on borax solutions and food samples. The results showed a color change from brownish-green to yellow with increasing borax concentration, starting at 1.0%. Similar changes in several samples indicated the presence of borax. This change is related to interactions between flavonoid and tannin compounds and borate ions. Therefore, Saraca asoca extract has potential as a simple natural indicator for visual borax detection
borax, natural indicator, processed food, Saraca asoca, visual detection
Copyright (c) 2026 Desy Purwaty, Sartika Magdalena Sihite, Ilham Pratama, Santa Ceacilia Br Tarigan, Stevani Putri Christie Gulo, Eka Setiawan, Larasati Arum Utami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Respon Morfologi Daun Samawuang (Pangium edule Reinw.) pada Kondisi Lingkungan yang Berbeda
Samawuang (Pangium edule Reinw.) is a tree that has economic value and potential as a food source, but its existence is decreasing due to lack of cultivation and changes in environmental conditions. Environmental factors such as altitude, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil conditions are known to affect plant growth, especially in leaf organs that are sensitive to environmental changes. Based on this, a study was conducted to investigate the morphological response of samawuang leaves under different environmental conditions. The study was conducted from December 2025 to January 2026 in two locations, namely Dharmasraya (131 mdpl) and Solok (409–467 mdpl). The method used was descriptive research with a quantitative approach by taking 20 leaf samples at each location which were analyzed using a t-test at a significance level of 5%. Parameters observed included leaf length, leaf width, leaf stalk length, and number of leaf veins. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf length and width between the two locations. The average leaf length in Dharmasraya was higher at 41.20 cm compared to Solok at 30.20 cm, while the average leaf width in Dharmasraya was 34.05 cm higher than Solok at 25.71 cm. Meanwhile, the length of the leaf stalk and the number of leaf veins did not show significant differences. This study shows that Pangium edule R. has significant variations in leaf morphology adaptation to different environmental conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syerina Febriani, Vauzia, Filza Yulina Ade, Reki Kardiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STABLE ISOTOPE FINGERPRINTING OF RICE VARIETIES AND CULTIVATION SYSTEMS USING EA–IRMS
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than half of the global population and is available in various types, including white, red, black, brown, and basmati rice. Authentication of rice varieties and cultivation systems is increasingly important for ensuring food quality and preventing fraud. This study aimed to characterize the stable isotope composition of different rice types and to evaluate isotopic differences between organic and conventional cultivation systems using Elemental Analyzer–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA–IRMS). Carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotope ratios were measured in seven rice samples. The results showed that δ¹³C values ranged from −30.33‰ to −28.06‰, confirming that all samples belong to the C₃ photosynthetic group, while δ¹⁵N values ranged from 4.29‰ to 6.05‰, reflecting variability in nitrogen sources and soil processes. Each rice type exhibited a distinct isotopic profile, indicating the potential of isotope ratios as fingerprints for varietal differentiation. However, isotopic differences between organic and conventional samples were not consistently distinguishable due to overlapping values. These findings suggest that stable isotope analysis has potential as a tool for rice authentication in the Indonesian market. Nevertheless, the limited sample size in this study indicates that the results should be considered preliminary, and further validation using larger datasets and multivariate statistical approaches is required to improve classification accuracy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmad Ramdani Sambari, Na’ilah Insani Alifiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM SERBUK GERGAJI DAN COCOPEAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAUN PADA PENCANGKOKAN TANAMAN MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.)
The mahkota dewa plant (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) plant is a medicinal plant with high economic and pharmacological value, so effective propagation techniques are needed to increase its production. One method used is grafting, the success of which is influenced by the planting medium. Based on this, a study was conducted on the effect of sawdust and cocopeat growing media on leaf growth in grafting crown of the gods plant. The study was conducted in January 2026 in the Lubuk Minturun area of ​​Padang City. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments: soil (P0), sawdust (P1), and cocopeat (P2), each with six replications, resulting in 18 experimental units. Observed parameters included leaf number and leaf dry weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the planting medium used had no significant effect on leaf number or dry weight.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Syafputri, Vauzia, Irma Leilani, Eka Putri, Filza Yulina Ade https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITERATUR REVIEW: APLIKASI EKSTRAK TANAMAN DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG YANG DISEBABKAN JAMUR PATOGEN GANODERMA BONINENSE
Stem base rot in oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense is one of the main factors contributing to reduced productivity. Currently, control still relies on synthetic fungicides. However, their continuous use has the potential to cause negative environmental impacts. Therefore, more environmentally friendly control alternatives are needed, one of which is through the use of plant extracts. This study aims to assess the potential of plant extracts as antifungal agents in controlling basal stem rot base on a systematic literature review. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA guidelines through the steps of identification, screening, eligibility, and included. Data sources were obtained from various platforms such as Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect, with article inclusion criteria ranging from 2016 2026. The results of the review indicate that various plant extracts, such as Asystasia gangetica, Curcuma longa, Cerbera manghas, Senna multijuga, and Elettaria cardamomum, exhibit antifungal activity against G. boninense. Their effectiveness is influenced by the plant species, the part used, the extraction method, the solvent, and the concetration. The mechanisms of action include cell membrane damage, disruption of permeability, and inhibition of pathogenic enzymes. Thus, plant extracs have the potential to be developed as an effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable botanical fungicide alternative for controlling basal stem rot in oil palm.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muthia Ridala, Dezi Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN DIINTEGRASIKAN MATA PELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI SMK NEGERI 2 PALOPO
The purpose of this study was to determine the learning outcomes of environmental education integrated with science subjects using information technology applications on domestic waste, wastewater sanitation, and air pollution, which teachers currently find difficult to achieve. The study used an action method, namely: (1) the design phase of lesson plans, information technology devices, and learning materials; (2) the implementation phase of learning devices validated by education experts and information technology experts for suitability before being implemented in 35 classes using a purposive sampling technique; (3) the evaluation phase, which presented the validation results of the lesson plans for all components assessed in the very valid category with an average score of 3.7. The information technology application validation results were in the very valid category with an average score of 3.7. The learning outcome data were analyzed in descriptive statistics, obtained an average learning outcome of 76.0 for domestic waste, soil pollution, and air pollution. 31 students achieved a high level of mastery of environmental education learning materials, representing 88.4% of the students, indicating that they achieved a high level of mastery of the learning outcomes for domestic waste, soil pollution, and pollution. It is concluded that integrating environmental education into science subjects in vocational schools using information technology media can overcome teachers' difficulties in presenting material and evaluating mastery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Profil Keterampilan Praktikum Hukum Newton pada Mata Kuliah IPA Sekolah 1 menggunakan Tes Tulis
This study aims to describe the practical skills profile of prospective science teacher students on Newton’s Laws through a written-test-based final examination. This research employed a quantitative descriptive approach with a total sampling technique involving 92 valid students from three classes. The instrument consisted of multiple-choice, sequencing, classification, and image-based identification items designed to measure four aspects: identifying tools and materials, assembling apparatus, reading measuring instruments, and analyzing observation results. The data were analyzed descriptively using categorization based on score ranges. The results showed that students’ overall practical skills were in the good category, with an average score of 68.6%. The findings for each aspect were as follows: (1) reading measuring instruments achieved the highest score (75.7%); (2) followed by identifying tools and materials (72.7%); (3) assembling apparatus (58.7%); and (4) analyzing observation results (42.7%), with the latter two aspects falling into the Fair category. These findings imply the need to strengthen instruction in data analysis skills and procedural understanding of assembling experimental apparatus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shoffan Fatkhulloh, Nurhayani H. Muhiddin, Putri damayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KEBUTUHAN OKSIGEN (O2) DALAM PROSES RESPIRASI ANTARA TUMBUHAN ANGIOSPERMAE DAN GYMNOSPERMAE
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kebutuhan oksigen (O₂) dalam proses respirasi antara tumbuhan dari kelompok Angiospermae dan Gymnospermae. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui metode eksperimen menggunakan alat respirometer yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji pada bulan Mei tahun 2026. Sampel yang diteliti meliputi Hibiscus rosa-sinensis dan Ipomoea Aquatica yang mewakili Angiospermae, serta Pinus merkusii dan Cycas revoluta untuk Gymnospermae. Pengamatan dilakukan dua kali pada setiap sampel dengan menggunakan KOH untuk menyerap karbon dioksida (CO₂) dan larutan eosin sebagai indikator perubahan volume gas di respirometer. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA untuk melihat perbedaan konsumsi oksigen di antara kedua kelompok tumbuhan tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsumsi oksigen pada Gymnospermae adalah 0,95 ml, sedangkan Angiospermae mencatat 0,88 ml. Meski Gymnospermae menunjukkan laju respirasi yang cenderung lebih tinggi, analisis ANOVA menemukan bahwa perbedaan ini tidak signifikan secara statistik karena nilai F-hitung (0,3741) lebih kecil dari F-tabel pada tingkat signifikansi 5% dan 1%. Studi ini mengindikasikan bahwa perbedaan laju respirasi dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisiologis, struktur anatomi, metabolisme, serta kondisi lingkungan saat pengamatan. Oleh karena itu , dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebutuhan oksigen dalam proses respirasi antara kelompok Angiospermae dan Gymnospermae tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan.
respirasi tumbuhan, oksigen, Angiospermae, Gymnospermae, respirameter
Copyright (c) 2026 Hairummuslimah Qurays, Erdi Ananda, Helmi Putri, Risma Yunika, Riski Amelia, Rohana Desma Yunita, Erda Muhartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0